This study clarifies the heat generation and release of a 57.5 Ah HED (266.9 W h kg −1 ) Li-ion cell with a nickel-rich cathode and SiO x /graphite anode. Significant heat accumulation and delayed heat release effects in large-format cells are uncovered.
Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is independently related to the adverse outcome of septic shock, but it lacks effective early predictors. Renal anginal index (RAI) was used to predict subsequent severe AKI (AKIs) in critically ill patients. The application of RAI in children with septic shock has not been reported. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of early RAI in predicting subsequent AKIs within 3 days after PICU admission in children with septic shock by comparing with early fluid overload (FO) and early creatinine elevation. Methods Sixty-six children admitted to PICU aged 1 month to 16 years old, with septic shock from January 2016 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, AKIs was defined by the KDIGO stage ≥2 within 3 days after PICU admission. Early RAI positive (RAI+) was defined as RAI ≥ 8 within 12 h of PICU admission. Any elevation of serum creatinine (SCr) over baseline within 12 h after PICU admission was denoted as “Early SCr > base”. Early FO positive (FO+) was defined as FO > 10% within 24 h of PICU admission. Results Of 66 eligible cases, the ratio of early RAI+, early SCr > base, early FO+ was 57.57, 59.09 and 16.67% respectively. The incidence of AKIs in early RAI+ group (78.94%) was higher than that in early RAI- group (21.42%) ( p = 0.04), and there was no significant difference compared with the early FO+ group (71.79%) and early SCr > base group (81.82%) ( P > 0.05). After adjustment for confounders, early RAI+ was independently associated with the occurrence of AKIs within 3 days (OR 10.04, 95%CI 2.39–42.21, p < 0.01). The value of early RAI+ (AUC = 0.78) to identify patients at high risk of AKIs was superior to that of early SCr > base (AUC = 0.70) and early FO+ (AUC = 0.58). A combination of serum lactate with early RAI+ improved the predictive performance for assessing AKIs (AUC = 0.83). Conclusions Early RAI could be used as a more convenient and effective index to predict the risk of AKIs in children with septic shock within 3 days. Early RAI+ combined with serum lactate improved the predictive performance for assessing AKIs.
In this paper the theoretical analysis of the conical laser traveling in atmosphere is presented. Under the circumstances that conical angle of laser is invariable and conical laser travels along horizontal, vertical and slant routes, the basic equation of intensity attenuation of the conical laser is obtained and the time curve of transmissivity vs. transmission distance is given. The researches lay the theoretical and technical foundations for the conical laser application to laser guidance and laser radar.
In this study, a shearography system integrated with a coherent fiber-optic illumination and a fiber-optic imaging bundle is presented to inspect the quality of the interior surface of a cylindrical vessel for safety purposes. The specific optical arrangement is designed for the inspection of a certain area at a small working distance. The optical arrangement of the system was assembled and an aluminum honeycomb sample was evaluated to demonstrate the capability of the system. The important relationship between the image quality and the working distance, as well as the field of view, is discussed. The system has been applied for the inspection of the interior surface of a cylindrical vessel. The experimental results suggest that the shearography system integrated with optical and image fibers can effectively minimize the size of the inspection device and be capable of evaluating the interior surface of cylindrical structures.
For CNSS applications, this letter presents a square patch antenna loaded with a pair of wrench-shaped tuning rings on the diagonal position. The loaded tuning ring, which can apparently enhance the bandwidth and gain of the proposed antenna by adjusting orthogonal radiation arrays, consists of a triangle corner cut, a rectangular arm slot and a C-shaped groove. The simulation of the designed antenna and the measurement of the fabricated prototype, based on a dielectric substrate with thickness of 3.0 mm, relative permittivity of 3.0, is in good agreement. The results show that the bandwidth reaches 63 MHz at 1.616 GHz, and the enhancement of the bandwidth by 110% contrasted to that of normal patch antennas assures CNSS applications compatible with GPS.
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