Probing heat generation and release in a 57.5 A h high-energy-density Li-ion pouch cell with a nickel-rich cathode and SiOx/graphite anode
Xiaopeng QiBingxue LiuFengling YunChanghong WangRennian WangJing PangHaibo TangWei QuanQiang ZhangMan YangShuaijin WuJiantao WangXueliang Sun
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This study clarifies the heat generation and release of a 57.5 Ah HED (266.9 W h kg −1 ) Li-ion cell with a nickel-rich cathode and SiO x /graphite anode. Significant heat accumulation and delayed heat release effects in large-format cells are uncovered.Keywords:
Heat Generation
Reducing the water crossover from anode to cathode is an important goal for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) technology, especially if highly concentrated methanol fuel is to be used. A well-documented way to reduce this water loss to the cathode side is by using a hydrophobic cathode microporous layer (MPL). Recently, however, it has been demonstrated that in addition to a cathode MPL, the use of a hydrophobic anode MPL further reduces the water loss to the cathode. In this work, we use a two-phase transport model that accounts for capillary induced liquid flow in porous media to explain physically how a hydrophobic anode MPL acts to control the net water transport from anode to cathode. Additionally, we perform a case study and show that a thicker, more hydrophobic anode MPL with lower permeability is most effective in controlling the net water transport from anode to cathode.
Water Transport
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LiVP2O7/C, popularly known so far as an environmentally compatible and economically viable lithium battery cathode material, was exploited for the first time as an anode through the current study. LiVP2O7/C was synthesized by adopting oxalyl dihydrazide assisted solution combustion method and explored as an anode material in rechargeable lithium cell assembly. Notably, an initial capacity of 600 mAh g–1 was exhibited by LiVP2O7/C anode, at the rate of 0.5 C along with an excellent Coulombic efficiency of 99% up to 150 cycles. The title anode demonstrates its suitability for high capacity and high rate applications by way of exhibiting appreciable capacity values of 200, 150, 120, and 110 mAh g–1, under the influence of 2, 4, 6, and 8 C rates, respectively. Further, LiVP2O7/C anode, when subjected to a high current 10 C rate, exhibits an acceptable capacity of 107 mAh g–1 up to 500 cycles, which is closer to its theoretical capacity value of 117 mAh g–1. The study demonstrates the possibility of exploiting LiVP2O7/C as yet another potential anode and thereby opens a newer avenue to explore wide variety of LiMP2O7/C composites for their probable anode behavior in rechargeable lithium batteries.
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Most laboratory cells used in the investigation of the alumina reduction process use a single anode. When investigating the initiation of the anode effect an approach with more than one anode might give better results, as the probability of obtaining partial anode effect is higher. Additionally, the design is closer to the industrial, where several anodes are connected in parallel. The system constructed consisted of two anodes in separate electrolyte compartments connected in parallel with a single combined cathode. The results indicate that an anode can go in and out of partial anode effect with little influence on the current, although, kept untreated a full anode effect is likely imminent. The results also show that under certain current and alumina conditions, with only two anodes in parallel, an anode can handle approximately the whole load of a fully passivated anode for a certain time.
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An interesting phenomenon observed in the near-anode region of a Hall thruster is that the anode fall changes from positive to negative upon removal of the dielectric coating, which is produced on the anode surface during the normal course of Hall thruster operation. The anode fall might affect the thruster lifetime and acceleration efficiency. The effect of the anode coating on the anode fall is studied experimentally using both biased and emissive probes. Measurements of discharge current oscillations indicate that thruster operation is more stable with the coated anode.
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Current collector
Methanol fuel
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An interesting phenomenon observed in the near-anode region of a Hall thruster is that the anode fall changes from positive to negative upon removal of the dielectric coating, which is produced on the anode surface during the normal course of Hall thruster operation. The anode fall might affect the thruster lifetime and acceleration efficiency. The effect of the anode coating on the anode fall is studied experimentally using both biased and emissive probes. Measurements of discharge current oscillations indicate that thruster operation is more stable with the coated anode.
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Most laboratory cells used in the investigation of the alumina reduction process use a single anode. When investigating the initiation of the anode effect an approach with more than one anode might give better results, as the probability of obtaining partial anode effect is higher. Additionally, the design is closer to the industrial, where several anodes are connected in parallel. The system constructed consisted of two anodes in separate electrolyte compartments connected in parallel with a single combined cathode. The results indicate that an anode can go in and out of partial anode effect with little influence on the current, although, kept untreated a full anode effect is likely imminent. The results also show that under certain current and alumina conditions, with only two anodes in parallel, an anode can handle approximately the whole load of a fully passivated anode for a certain time.
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This paper studies the behavior of anode bubbles by transparency cell.Anode bubbles grew gradually at anode bottom.The bubbles generated on anode side were smaller than those of anode bottom.Obvious phenomena that diameter of anode bubbles opposite to the cathode was the smallest in all bubbles were observed.The bubbles generated on the anode surface don't collect into bigger bubbles,which is different from the bubbles generated in other parts of anode.The bubbles generated at anode bottom overflow electrolyte by moving between anode and cathode.The diameter of anode bubbles affects cell voltages.Cell voltage increases by 0.21V with diameter of anode bubbles increasing 3 mm.The cell voltage changes by 0.16 V when anode bubbles generated at anode bottom separated from anode at 0.5 A/cm2.The value was 0.12 V at 0.3 A/cm2.
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