Maibritt Pedersen Zari

Auckland University of Technology

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Paul Blaschke

Victoria University of Wellington

Amin Rastandeh

University of South Dakota

Bruno Marques

Victoria University of Wellington

Kamiya Varshney

Victoria University of Wellington

Nilesh Bakshi

Victoria University of Wellington

Daniel K. Brown

Victoria University of Wellington

Claire Freeman

University of Otago

Gabriel Luke Kiddle

Victoria University of Wellington

Maggie MacKinnon

Victoria University of Wellington

Bethanna Jackson

Victoria University of Wellington

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Victoria University of Wellington

Auckland University of Technology

University of Otago

Utrecht University

University of Auckland

University of Washington

University College London

University of Belgrade

Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research

University of Queensland

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Biomimetic Urban and Architectural Design: Illustrating and Leveraging Relationships between Ecosystem Services

Biomimetics (2020)

Maibritt Pedersen Zari

Redesigning and retrofitting cities so they become complex systems that create ecological and cultural-societal health through the provision of ecosystem services is of critical importance. Although a handful of methodologies and frameworks for considering how to design urban environments so that they provide ecosystem services have been proposed, their use is not widespread. A key barrier to their development has been identified as a lack of ecological knowledge about relationships between ecosystem services, which is then translated into the field of spatial design. In response, this paper examines recently published data concerning synergetic and conflicting relationships between ecosystem services from the field of ecology and then synthesises, translates, and illustrates this information for an architectural and urban design context. The intention of the diagrams created in this research is to enable designers and policy makers to make better decisions about how to effectively increase the provision of various ecosystem services in urban areas without causing unanticipated degradation in others. The results indicate that although targets of ecosystem services can be both spatially and metrically quantifiable while working across different scales, their effectiveness can be increased if relationships between them are considered during design phases of project development.

Ecological design

10.3390/biomimetics6010002

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Citations (5)

Ecosystem Services Analysis in Response to Biodiversity Loss Caused by the Built Environment

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (2014)

Maibritt Pedersen Zari

The aim of this paper is to establish a broad overview of the impact urban areas have on biodiversity and to determine the predicted major impacts that biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation have and will have on the built environment. Common built environment responses to these impacts will also be examined. Regenerative design that uses the ecosystem services analysis method is proposed as a way of responding to biodiversity loss while simultaneously addressing climate change mitigation and adaption in a built environment context. This is examined for potential benefits and disadvantages.

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An Oceania Urban Design Agenda Linking Ecosystem Services, Nature-Based Solutions, Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Wellbeing

Sustainability (2021)

Gabriel Luke Kiddle Maibritt Pedersen Zari Paul Blaschke Victoria Chanse Rebecca Kiddle

Many coastal peri-urban and urban populations in Oceania are heavily reliant on terrestrial and marine ecosystem services for subsistence and wellbeing. However, climate change and urbanisation have put significant pressure on ecosystems and compelled nations and territories in Oceania to urgently adapt. This article, with a focus on Pacific Island Oceania but some insight from Aotearoa New Zealand, reviews key literature focused on ecosystem health and human health and wellbeing in Oceania and the important potential contribution of nature-based solutions to limiting the negative impacts of climate change and urbanisation. The inextricable link between human wellbeing and provision of ecosystem services is well established. However, given the uniqueness of Oceania, rich in cultural and biological diversity and traditional ecological knowledge, these links require further examination leading potentially to a new conceptualisation of wellbeing frameworks in relation to human/nature relationships. Rapidly urbanising Oceania has a growing body of rural, peri-urban and urban nature-based solutions experience to draw from. However, important gaps in knowledge and practice remain. Pertinently, there is a need, potential—and therefore opportunity—to define an urban design agenda positioned within an urban ecosystem services framework, focused on human wellbeing and informed by traditional ecological knowledge, determined by and relevant for those living in the islands of Oceania as a means to work towards effective urban climate change adaptation.

Urban ecosystem

10.3390/su132212660

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Decarbonisation of the urban built environment through vegetation-based carbon sequestration

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science (2022)

Kamiya Varshney Maibritt Pedersen Zari Nilesh Bakshi

Abstract The impacts of climate change require a strategic improvement in design decision-making. Leading professionals are aiming for carbon-positive buildings that can achieve carbon sequestration by adding vegetation to buildings. Multiple references and case studies explored in this paper suggest that there is theoretical potential for cities to become carbon sinks by constructing carbon-positive buildings. However, determining effective strategies, and quantifying and monitoring carbon sequestration in buildings, requires a standardised approach so that this carbon sequestration potential can be measurably established. This paper provides two key outputs: firstly, the paper identifies strategies that could shift buildings towards being capable of active carbon sequestration. Secondly, the paper provides a methodological framework with four key considerations that building professionals can use to design for carbon sequestration. These are: understanding the site’s ecological, climatic, cultural and legal context; identifying response, pressure, state and benefits indicators to set carbon sequestration targets; considering site ecosystem functioning and carbon dynamics to strategise carbon sequestration through design; and preparing long-term monitoring, evaluation and management plans. This paper identifies two areas for further investigation: linking manual quantification methods with computer-aided methods; and utilising biomass data and growth models at the landscape, regional, and global levels for carbon sequestration assessment.

Carbon sink

Carbon fibers

Atmospheric carbon cycle

10.1088/1755-1315/1101/6/062025

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Habitat Provisioning

Springer eBooks (2022)

Kamiya Varshney Maibritt Pedersen Zari Nilesh Bakshi

Provisioning

10.1007/978-3-030-51812-7_320-1

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Translating ecosystem processes into built environment design

Routledge eBooks (2018)

Maibritt Pedersen Zari

10.4324/9781315114330-4

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Utilising nature-based solutions to increase resilience in Pacific Ocean Cities

Ecosystem Services (2019)

Maibritt Pedersen Zari Gabriel Luke Kiddle Paul Blaschke Steve Gawler David Loubser

Climate Resilience

Urban Resilience

Resilience

10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100968

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Citations (45)

Incorporating biomimicry into regenerative design

Routledge eBooks (2018)

Maibritt Pedersen Zari

Biomimetics

10.4324/9781315114330-2

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Biomimicry for regenerative built environments: mapping design strategies for producing ecosystem services

Maibritt Pedersen Zari Katarina Hecht

Built environment professionals must solve urgent and complex problems related to mitigating and adapting to climate change and biodiversity loss. Cities require redesign and retrofit so they can become complex systems that create rather than diminish ecological and societal health. One way to do this is to strategically design buildings and cities to generate and provide ecosystem services. This is an aspect of biomimicry, where whole ecosystems and their functions are emulated, in order to positively shift the ecological performance of buildings and urban settings. A small number of methodologies and frameworks for ecosystem services design have been proposed, but their use is not wide spread. A key barrier is the lack of translational work between ecology concepts and practical examples of ecosystem services design for a built environment context. In response, this paper presents research underpinning the creation of a qualitative relational diagram in an online interactive format that relates ecosystem services concepts to design strategies, concepts, technologies, and case studies in a format for use by built environment professionals. The paper concludes that buildings and whole cities should be expected to become active contributors to socio-ecological systems because, as the diagram shows, many strategies and technologies to enable this already exist.

Underpinning

10.26686/wgtn.14863311.v1

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Ecosystem services analysis for the design of regenerative built environments

Building Research & Information (2011)

Maibritt Pedersen Zari

Abstract 'Neutral' environmental outcomes in terms of energy use, carbon emissions, waste generation or water use are worthy but difficult targets in architectural and urban design. However, the built environment may need to go beyond efforts simply to limit negative environmental outcomes and instead aim for net positive environmental benefits. This implies that the built environment would need to contribute more than it consumes while simultaneously remediating past and current environmental damage. Such development could be termed 'regenerative'. The potential for understanding and then mimicking ecosystem services is explored for setting goals for regenerative developments, designing them and measuring their successes or failures as they evolve over time. Key leverage points are identified where the systems of the built environment may be changed in order to move towards a regenerative urban environment. Analysing the urban built environment from the perspective of how ecosystems function could be a significant step towards the creation of a built environment where positive integration with, and restoration of, local ecosystems may be realized. Des résultats environnementaux « neutres » en termes de consommation d'énergie, d'émissions de carbone, de production de déchets ou d'utilisation de l'eau, constituent des objectifs qui méritent d'être poursuivis, mais qui sont difficiles à atteindre dans le domaine de la conception architecturale et de l'aménagement urbain. Cependant, il peut être nécessaire que le cadre bâti aille au-delà des efforts cherchant simplement à limiter les résultats environnementaux négatifs et vise plutôt à obtenir des avantages environnementaux nets positifs. Ceci implique que le cadre bâti devrait contribuer plus qu'il ne consomme tout en corrigeant simultanément les dommages environnementaux passés et actuels. Un tel développement pourrait être qualifié de « régénérateur ». Les possibilités de compréhension, puis d'imitation des services écosystémiques, sont étudiées de façon à fixer des objectifs en matière de développements régénérateurs, à concevoir ceux-ci et à en mesurer la réussite ou l'échec au fur et à mesure de leur évolution au fil du temps. Les principaux points de levier sont identifiés là où les systèmes du cadre bâti peuvent être modifiés de manière à progresser vers un milieu urbain régénérateur. Analyser le cadre bâti urbain du point de vue de la manière dont les écosystèmes fonctionnent pourrait constituer un pas important dans le sens de la création d'un cadre bâti dans lequel il serait possible de réaliser une intégration positive avec les écosystèmes locaux, ainsi qu'une réhabilitation de ceux-ci. Mots clés: cadre bâti écologie services écosystémiques avantages environnementaux lieu conception régénératrice aménagement urbain Keywords: biomimicrybuilt environmentecologyecosystem servicesenvironmental benefitsplaceregenerative designurban design Acknowledgements Advice and guidance given by Professor Robert Vale and Associate Professor John Storey of Victoria University's School of Architecture in New Zealand is gratefully acknowledged. Notes The design team included Mithūn Architects and GreenWorks Landscape Architecture Consultants. It is beyond the scope of this paper to explore in depth the effectiveness of economic price signals and incentives used to protect or restore ecosystem services (for case studies and analysis, see, for example, TEEB, 2011).

Urban Environment

10.1080/09613218.2011.628547

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Citations (106)