An Oceania Urban Design Agenda Linking Ecosystem Services, Nature-Based Solutions, Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Wellbeing
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Many coastal peri-urban and urban populations in Oceania are heavily reliant on terrestrial and marine ecosystem services for subsistence and wellbeing. However, climate change and urbanisation have put significant pressure on ecosystems and compelled nations and territories in Oceania to urgently adapt. This article, with a focus on Pacific Island Oceania but some insight from Aotearoa New Zealand, reviews key literature focused on ecosystem health and human health and wellbeing in Oceania and the important potential contribution of nature-based solutions to limiting the negative impacts of climate change and urbanisation. The inextricable link between human wellbeing and provision of ecosystem services is well established. However, given the uniqueness of Oceania, rich in cultural and biological diversity and traditional ecological knowledge, these links require further examination leading potentially to a new conceptualisation of wellbeing frameworks in relation to human/nature relationships. Rapidly urbanising Oceania has a growing body of rural, peri-urban and urban nature-based solutions experience to draw from. However, important gaps in knowledge and practice remain. Pertinently, there is a need, potential—and therefore opportunity—to define an urban design agenda positioned within an urban ecosystem services framework, focused on human wellbeing and informed by traditional ecological knowledge, determined by and relevant for those living in the islands of Oceania as a means to work towards effective urban climate change adaptation.Keywords:
Urban ecosystem
Study of Ecosystem service function appeared as a heated research issue in ecology research in 1970s,In this paper,the author proposed a framework for ecosystem services classification and explain a defini- tion of ecosystem connotations with 10 items,for the first time.The ecological analysis on agricultural ecosystem complexity and ecosystem service diversity highlighted the necessity of maintaining multi-scale diversities in the complex agricultural ecosystem for its sustainable diverse ecosystem services.
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Ecosystem valuation
Ecosystem Management
Functional ecology
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China's urbanization rate was 17.92% in 1978,which reached 51.27% at the end of 2011.However,the rapid urbanization has brought about the imbalance and deterioration of the urban ecosystem.This essay analyses the present situation of China's urbanization and the causes to the imbalance of urban ecosystem,and puts forward some proposals for the imbalance of urban ecosystem.
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Humans rely upon ecosystem services to regulate their environment and to provide resources and cultural benefits. As the world’s urban population grows, it becomes increasingly important to find ways of improving the provision of ecosystem services in urban areas. However, the kinds of ecosystem services that are most needed or demanded by urban populations, and the opportunities to provide these, vary widely in cities around the world. Here we explore variation in climate, Human Development Index (HDI), and population density, and discuss their implications for providing and managing urban ecosystem services. Using 221 published studies of urban ecosystem services, we analyse the extent to which existing research adequately covers global variation in climatic and social conditions. Our results reveal an under-representation of studies from tropical cities and from lower HDI countries, with implications for how we conceptualize and quantify urban ecosystem services, and how we transfer benefits across case studies. Future work should be aimed at correcting these deficits and determining the extent to which conclusions about urban ecosystem services are transferable from one city to another.
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Tree canopy
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Total human ecosystem
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Urban ecosystem
Provisioning
Ecosystem valuation
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Ecosystem valuation
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Stability of urban ecosystems has a direct impact on the urban and human development The concept of urban ecosystem and stability of expression was discussed,with stability expressed by the use of ecosystem fluctuations in size and overall development trends.And on this basis,from the perspective of the initial establishment of complex ecosystem stability index system of urban ecological systems,using principal component analysis of Yangzhou urban ecosystem stability and evaluation results show that in the year 2000 to 2008,Yangzhou growth of urban eco-system is basically stable.
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