Momordica species are vegetable crops widely distributed in warmer regions of the world. In this work, we describe the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects of the leaves from three different species of Momordica. The present investigation was initially carried out to explore the possible link between antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory property of Momordica leaf extract and their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested by using carrageenan-induced paw edema. Our results illustrated an enhanced antioxidant power of wild species comparable with a commercial variety. In addition, the leaf extract of M. dioica (200 mg/kg) presented a significant anti-inflammatory activity toward carrageenan-induced paw edema in Wistar rats in comparison to indomethacin (10 mg/kg). The contents of flavonoids and total phenolic compounds could be correlated with the antioxidant and enzymes inhibition activities. The major bioactive compounds of phenolic acids and flavonoids such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, rutin, and quercetin were identified. Our findings suggest that wild Momordica species contains higher potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities than a commercial variety does, which could be tested as drug candidates against oxidative and inflammation-related pathological processes.

Ellagic Acid

Anti-inflammatory

Chlorogenic Acid

Carrageenan

10.1016/j.fshw.2014.02.003

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Citations (60)

Hepatoprotective effect of leaf extracts from Citrus hystrix and C. maxima against paracetamol induced liver injury in rats

Food Science and Human Wellness (2015)

Arumugam Abirami Gunasekaran Nagarani Perumal Siddhuraju

The present investigation is aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Citrus hystrix and Citrus maxima (Red and White variety) methanolic leaf extracts on paracetamol induced toxicity. Leaf extracts were given in the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight for 7 days and toxicity was induced by paracetamol (2 g/kg) on day 5. Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight) was used as reference standard. On the 7th day animals were sacrificed and liver function markers (ALT, AST, ALP), total bilirubin and total protein in blood serums and hepatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx) in liver homogenate were estimated. The leaf extracts restored the liver function markers and hepatic antioxidants to the normal level than elevated levels noticed on paracetamol control at P < 0.001. Reversal of hepatoarchitecture has also been registered. The present study shows that C. hystrix and C. maxima leaf extracts possess hepatoprotective action against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.

Hystrix

Liver function

Acetaminophen

Hepatoprotection

10.1016/j.fshw.2015.02.002

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Citations (83)

Plant Secondary Metabolites

Methods in molecular biology (2007)

H.P.S. Makkar Perumal Siddhuraju Karsten Becker

10.1007/978-1-59745-425-4

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Citations (368)

Effect of Indigenous Processing Methods on Phenolics and Antioxidant Potential of Underutilized Legumes Acacia auriculiformis and Parkia roxburghii

Journal of Food Quality (2013)

Arumugam Sathya Perumal Siddhuraju

Abstract The effect of soaking followed by autoclaving in various solutions such as ash, sodium bicarbonate, palm sugar and water; dry heating; and fermentation on antioxidant power of two underutilized legumes A cacia auriculiformis and P arkia roxburghii has been investigated. In comparison with the unprocessed ones, processed seed extracts of A cacia and P arkia have been registered with 1–29% loss and 4–29% gain of phenolics, respectively. The processing methods enhanced the reducing power (13–92%) and free radical‐scavenging activity on synthetic radicals (2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl [ DPPH ]: 5–31%; and 2,2‐azinobis [3‐ethyl benzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid] diammonium salt [ ABTS ]: 1–80%). However, significant reductions were noticed on scavenging activity of biologically relevant radicals (hydroxyl: 8–87%; superoxide anion: 4–85%; and nitric oxide: 14–80%) and peroxidation inhibition (10–48%). Invariably, all the processing methods enhanced the protection capacity on erythrocytes and DNA against oxidative insults. Among the processing methods, dry heating and fermentation retained the antioxidant potential in A . auriculiformis and P . roxburghii , respectively, than other methods. Practical Applications Legume seeds, the protein‐rich plant sources, have to be cooked/processed before consumption so as to eliminate their native antiphysiological factors and to enrich their nutritional values. Daily consumption of legumes in preventing lifestyle diseases due to its phytoceuticals is best valued in the present scenario. Hence, this study demonstrated the effect of various processing methods on phenolics and the antioxidant capacity of two underutilized legumes A cacia auriculiformis and P arkia roxburghii by an array of in vitro tests. Knowledge on these types of locally available plants could provide useful data for the development of potential future crop resources for various food and feed applications and further reduces the pressure on conventional/cash crops.

ABTS

10.1111/jfq.12024

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Citations (9)