Background/aim: Successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection after failure of standard triple therapy is difficult. There are no guidelines on second-line therapies for H. pylori eradication failures. In the present study we investigated the efficacy of a 14-day quadruple regimen combining lansoprazole, ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC), tetracycline and metronidazole as rescue treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection after failure of standard triple therapy combining lansoprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin (LAC). Materials and methods: A prospective study was designed consisting 36 patients infected with H. pylori and diagnosed with peptic ulcer or non-ulcer dyspepsia in whom triple therapy with LAC had failed. The patients were treated with quadruple therapy including lansoprazole, 30 mg twice daily, RBC, 400 mg twice daily, tetracycline, 500 mg four times daily, and metronidazole, 500 mg three times daily, for 14 days. Two months after completion of therapy, endoscopic biopsy evaluation was performed to confirm eradication. Results: Five cases who did not attend to the appointment were excluded from the study. With quadruple therapy, the H. pylori eradication rates were 58.3% by intention-to-treat analysis and 67.7% by per protocol analysis. Conclusion: The success rate of quadruple therapy with LBTM was found to be low in patients in whom standard triple therapy had failed in western Blacksea region. This finding may be explained by higher rates of metronidasole resistance in our country. We conclude that further studies about the drug resistance rates and explanation of reasons for treatment failure must be carried out.
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), is the most responsible reason for cardiac deaths.All adverse events, including death, can be reduced with the correct, rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.For this purpose, risk scoring has been developed and used in daily practice.In our study, we aimed to evaluate the place of risk scores used to assess mortality in STEMI patients in predicting coronary artery disease (CAD) severity.In our study, 293 STEMI patients were enrolled.These patients underwent coronary angiography, and GRACE, TIMI, Zwolle, PAMI, CADILLAC risk scores, and SYNTAX score (SS) were calculated.The specific ability of mortality risk scores was assessed using the area under the curve or the C statistical method.The number of patients with high SS was 112 (%38.2).Compared to the ROC curves of the risk scores in determining the presence of severe CAD, all of the results were significant, similar, and highly predictive.The 'area under the curve values of severe CAD, TIMI, Zwolle, PAMI, and CADILLAC were found to be 0.658, 0.675, 0.716, 0.679, and 0.703, respectively.(p<0.001).Mortality risk scores were similar, significant, and effective in predicting high SS, the highest rate being the Zwolle score , in patients admitted to our clinic with STEMI.Using these risk scores in a simple and fast way before and after coronary angiography will provide an essential benefit for predicting mortality and predicting the presence and severity of CAD.
Endoscopic cannulation of the biliary tract may be challenging in cases with juxtapapillary, duodenal diverticula. A 70-year old woman admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis and acute cholangitis. She was placed on antibiotic treatment and parenteral fluid resuscitation. On endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, the papilla could not be cannulated because of the duodenal diverticulum. Various attempts at biliary cannulation failed. Endoscopic clips were used for evertion and fixation of a partially everted papilla from the diverticulum and for securing it in an orientation that allowed direct cannulation of the biliary tree. Cholangiography demonstrated multiple calculi within the choledochus. She was discharged from the hospital on the 9th day following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in good condition. With this report, we aimed to remind physicians that the clip assisted method is a safe and effective technique for pancreatic and/or biliary cannulation, and should be preferred in patients in whom cannulation is extremely difficult due to large periampullary diverticula..
Background and Aims:In this study, patients with chronic hepatitis B, treated in Bulent Ecevit University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, were evaluated retrospectively with respect to antiviral efficacy and adverse effects. Materials and Methods:Treatment responses, resistance rates and side effects of 241 patients treated between 2001 and 2010 in the gastroenterology clinic were examined retrospectively. Results:There were no statistically significant differences between 35 naive patients treated with entecavir and 20 naive patients treated with tenofovir regarding demographic characteristics. After a one-year period of treatment, similar antiviral activity was detected between these two groups. Two patients who had lamivudine resistance were switched to tenofovir, and their HBV DNA level became undetectable. For 14 patients with tenofovir treatment, which followed interferon and lamivudine combination treatment, the ratio of undetectable levels of HBV DNA was 81% at the first year and 85% at the second year. Five patients, treated with adefovir after lamivudine treatment and whose HBV DNA levels reached more than 300 copies/ml following one year with adefovir monotherapy, were switched to tenofovir monotherapy. Following 12 and 24 months' treatment, HBV DNA levels became undetectable in all five patients. Conclusions: Entecavir and tenofovir are similar in terms of antiviral activity, side effects and compliance in naive patients. Tenofovir is highly effective in lamivudine-resistant patients and should be the first choice in these patients. Lamivudine resistance does not affect the tenofovir treatment response. Tenofovir monotherapy is highly active in the adefovir- refractory or suboptimal response patients.
In this study, we aimed to investigate plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, and the relation among them.This study was carriedout on 52 HD patients, 26 CAPD patients and a control group of 22 healthy persons. Blood samples were taken from the patients for Hcy and CRP measurements.Serum CRP level was found to be high in 48.1% of HD patients, 69.2% of CAPD patients and 4.5% of the healthy control group. Plasma Hcy level was found out to be above the normal limits in 73.1% of HD patients, 65.4% of CAPD patients and 9% of the healthy control group. There was a significant positive relation (r = 0.384, p < 0.001) between the levels of plasma Hcy and serum CRP in HD and CAPD patients.The high levels of Hcy and CRP were found out to be higher in HD and CAPD patients than in the control group. In order to determine the risk rate of Hcy and CRP for coronary artery disease, extensive investigations are required in patients with chronic renal failure that also have coronary artery disease.
Pepsinogen, the precursors of pepsin, is classified into two subtypes: pepsinogen I (PG I) and pepsinogen II (PG II). Patients with impaired renal function are associated with elevated concentrations of serum pepsinogen. Contradictory results have been reported about the effect of dialysis on the serum pepsinogen levels, as the previous studies were conducted only in a particular period of dialysis. We therefore investigated the effect of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or hemodialysis on serum pepsinogen levels in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) before and after dialysis treatment. Thirty-four patients with CRF were enrolled in this study and were treated by CAPD (n=22) or hemodialysis (n=12). As a control group, subjects with normal renal function were included (n=20). Serum PG I and PG II levels were measured in control subjects and CRF patients before dialysis treatment and after three-month dialysis treatment. Before dialysis treatment, serum PG I levels were significantly higher in CRF patients than control subjects. In patients treated by CAPD, the serum PG I levels were significantly decreased but its levels were still higher than the values of the control subjects, whereas PG I levels remained unchanged in patients treated by hemodialysis. There were no differences in serum PG II levels between control subjects and CRF patients before or after dialysis treatment. Thus, CAPD is more effective than hemodialysis in the clearance of PG I.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to serum cystatin C levels, renal resistive index (RRI), serum creatinine and creatinine clearance in patients with different stages of cirrhosis.The study sample was 25 cirrhotic patients (10 females and 15 males; mean age 57.3+/-2.04 years), 10 in the compensated stage without ascites and 15 in the decompensated stage with new-onset ascites. None had azotemia nor were on diuretic treatment. The control group comprised 25 healthy adults (11 female and 14 men; mean age 56.56+/-1.91 years). Serum cystatin C, RRI, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance were measured. GFR was determined by technetium(99m)-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid renal scintigraphy.Cirrhosis cases had lower mean scintigraphic GFR than controls (64.5+/-4.03 vs. 87.96+/-4.16 mL/min, p<0.05). Serum cystatin C and RRI were significantly higher in the cirrhotic group compared to controls (1.16+/-0.09 mg/L and 0.68+/-0.01 vs. 0.86+/-0.03 mg/L and 0.64+/-0.01, respectively; p<0.05). Subgroup comparative analysis showed that only two parameters, scintigraphic GFR and serum cystatin C, were significantly different between compensated and decompensated cirrhotics (75.62+/-4.9 mL/min and 0.89+/-0.07 mg/L vs. 57.23+/-5.14 mL/min and 1.34+/-0.13 mg/L, respectively; p<0.05). Scintigraphic GFR showed significant correlation with cystatin C, but not with serum creatinine or creatinine clearance (r=-0.877, p<0.05) in decompensated patients. No correlation was observed between scintigraphic GFR and RRI or between serum cystatin C and RRI in all subjects. A receiver operator characteristics curve showed that cystatin C at a cutoff value of 1.01 mg/L can significantly differentiate patients with GFR <70 mL/min with 80% sensitivity and 80% specificity.Serum cystatin C, but not serum creatinine or RRI measurement, correlates with GFR in each stage of liver failure and has a significant diagnostic advantage in detecting lower GFR in such cases.