Abstract The current work describes an environmentally friendly way to create silver nanoparticles. Five bacterial isolates were isolated and tested for pathogenicity test, all of this isolates were able to produced typical symptoms of soft rot disease. Isolates Pcc2 caused the highest disease severity. According to 16sRNA it is identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. As a reducing and capping agent, jojoba oil was utilized in the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs may be identified by their UV-VIS, FTIR, and spectra. The transmission electron microscope was used to examine the shape and size of the harmless silver nanoparticles (TEM). The average particle size of the silver nanoparticles, according to the TEM data, was 25.6 ± 10.3 nm, and they had a spherical shape. The silver nanoparticles' surface had organic molecules bound to it, according to FTIR spectroscopy tests. Increasing the dosage of AgNPs had the greatest antibacterial effect against P. carotovorum, which produced soft rot on potatoes. From these results we can conclude that the use of AgNPs safety methods for controlling postharvest disease of potato.
The red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma is considered as a useful source of astaxanthin (ASX) which is a carotenoid pigment widely used in the feed industry. Poultry cannot synthesise carotenoids, so they must obtain these pigments from diet supplementation with sources such as red yeast, as a source of ASX. Astaxanthin has health benefits including the protection against oxidative damage in cells, enhancement of the immune response and protection against diseases by scavenging oxygen free radicals. It has activities approximately 10 times stronger than that of other carotenoids and 100 times greater than α-tocopherol against reactive oxygen species. In recent years, Phaffia rhodozyma has become an important microorganism for its use in both the pharmaceutical industries and food. Dietary Phaffia rhodozyma addition at the level of 10 and 20 mg/kg in broiler diets positively increased weight gain by 4.12 and 6.41% respectively. The inclusion of ASX rich red yeast (100 mg/kg) in broiler diets for 14 days improved T-cell proliferation and IgG production by 111.1 and 34.6% respectively. However, the optimum level or feeding duration of dietary ASX rich red yeast addition for enhancing poultry productive, physiological and immunological responses has not been determined.
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the plant pathogen of Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB), which causes yield loss in rice.In this study, the lysate of Xoo bacteriophage X3 was used to mediate the bio-synthesis of MgO and MnO2. The physiochemical features of MgONPs and MnO2NPs were observed via Ultraviolet - Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission/Scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM), Energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). The impact of nanoparticles on plant growth and bacterial leaf blight disease were evaluated. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to determine whether the nanoparticles application were toxic to the plants.An absorption peak of 215 and 230 nm for MgO and MnO2, respectively, confirmed nanoparticle formation via UV-Vis. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was detected by the analysis of XRD. Bacteriological tests indicated that MgONPs and MnO2NPs sized 12.5 and 9.8 nm, respectively, had strong in vitro antibacterial effects on rice bacterial blight pathogen, Xoo. MnO2NPs were found to have the most significant antagonist effect on nutrient agar plates, while MgONPs had the most significant impact on bacterial growth in nutrient broth and on cellular efflux. Furthermore, no toxicity to plants was observed for MgONPs and MnO2NPs, indeed, MgONPs at 200 μg/mL significantly increased the quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry on the model plant, Arabidopsis, in light (ΦPSII) compared to other interactions. Additionally, significant suppression of BLB was noted in rice seedlings amended with the synthesized MgONPs and MnO2NPs. MnO2NPs showed promotion of plant growth in the presence of Xoo compared to MgONPs.An effective alternative for the biological production of MgONPs and MnO2NPs was reported, which serves as an effective substitute to control plant bacterial disease with no phytotoxic effect.
The synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles with the use of plant extract is a promising alternative to the conventional chemical method. This work aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using plant extract of chamomile flower (Matricaria chamomilla L.), olive leave (Olea europaea) and red tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum M.). The synthesized ZnONPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS profile. The XRD studies confirmed the presence of pure crystalline shapes of ZnO nanoparticles. The ZnONPs synthesized by Olea europaea had the least size range of 40.5 to 124.0 nm as revealed by the SEM observation while XRD revealed a dominant average size of 48.2 nm in the sample which is similar to the size distribution analysis obtained from TEM. The antibacterial effect of ZnONPs synthesized by Olea europaea on Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) strain GZ 0003 had an inhibition zone of 2.2 cm at 16.0 µg/ml which was significantly different from ZnONPs synthesized by Matricaria chamomilla and Lycopersicon esculentum. Also, the bacterial growth, biofilm formation, swimming motility and bacterial cell membrane of Xoo strain GZ 0003 were significantly affected by ZnO nanoparticle. Overall, zinc oxide nanoparticles are promising biocontrol agents that can be used to combat bacterial leaf blight diseases of rice.
Introduction Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) is one of the most devastative diseases that threatens rice plants worldwide. Biosynthesized nanoparticle (NP) composite compounds have attracted attention as environmentally safe materials that possess antibacterial activity that could be used in managing plant diseases. Methods During this study, a nanocomposite of two important elements, nickel and silicon, was biosynthesized using extraction of saffron stigmas ( Crocus sativus L.). Characterization of obtained nickel-silicon dioxide (Ni-SiO 2 ) nanocomposite was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission/Scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM), and energy-dispersive spectrum (EDS). Antibacterial activities of the biosynthesized Ni-SiO 2 nanocomposite against Xoo were tested by measuring bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and dead Xoo cells. Results and discussions The bacterial growth (OD 600 ) and biofilm formation (OD 570 ) of Xoo treated with distilled water (control) was found to be 1.21 and 1.11, respectively. Treatment with Ni-SiO 2 NPs composite, respectively, reduced the growth and biofilm formation by 89.07% and 80.40% at 200 μg/ml. The impact of obtained Ni-SiO 2 nanocomposite at a concentration of 200 μg/ml was assayed on infected rice plants. Treatment of rice seedlings with Ni-SiO 2 NPs composite only had a plant height of 64.8 cm while seedlings treated with distilled water reached a height of 45.20 cm. Notably, Xoo -infected seedlings treated with Ni-SiO 2 NPs composite had a plant height of 57.10 cm. Furthermore, Ni-SiO 2 NPs composite sprayed on inoculated seedlings had a decrease in disease leaf area from 43.83% in non-treated infected seedlings to 13.06% in treated seedlings. The FTIR spectra of biosynthesized Ni-SiO 2 nanocomposite using saffron stigma extract showed different bands at 3,406, 1,643, 1,103, 600, and 470 cm −1 . No impurities were found in the synthesized composite. Spherically shaped NPs were observed by using TEM and SEM. EDS revealed that Ni-SiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) have 13.26% Ni, 29.62% Si, and 57.11% O. Xoo treated with 200 µg/ml of Ni-SiO 2 NPs composite drastically increased the apoptosis of bacterial cells to 99.61% in comparison with 2.23% recorded for the control. Conclusions The application of Ni-SiO 2 NPs significantly improved the vitality of rice plants and reduced the severity of BLB.
Abstract Background Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cancer in gynaecology. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the most often used cancer-fighting strategies. Post-surgery infection is fairly prevalent, especially among people with insufficient immunity. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnOnps) have amazing biomedical features as anticancer and antibacterial agents. Methods We investigated the behaviour of ZnOnps synthesized by green methods on ovarian cancers using established human ovarian cancer cell lines, besides the antibacterial action toward models of gram + ve and gram -ve bacteria. The cytotoxic effect of ZnOnps was calculated using a Sulforhodamine B (SRB) trial. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli) were tested as models for gram + ve and gram -ve bacteria. The selected bacteria were subjected to concentrations of 20, 40, 80, and 100 μg/ml. Results The synthesized ZnOnps induced 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at a concentration of 27.45 μg/ml. The diameter of inhibition ranged between 20.16 ± 0.16 and 27 ± 0.57 mm for S. aureus and 25.66 ± 0.33 to 31 ± 0.33 mm for E. coli . ZnOnps antagonistic effect statistically differed with neomycin, cefaclor, and cefadroxil. Conclusions Green synthesis of ZnOnps is easily prepared, low cost, non-toxic, and eco-friendly. Their cytotoxic action on SKOV3 cells and their antibacterial characteristics pave the way to be an alternative therapy for ovarian cancer and S. aureus and E. coli infection.
We describe a Salmonella Poona outbreak involving 31 infant cases in France. Following outbreak detection on 18 January 2019, consumption of rice-based infant formula manufactured at a facility in Spain was identified as the probable cause, leading to a recall on 24 January. Whole genome sequencing analysis linked present outbreak isolates to a 2010–11 S. Poona outbreak in Spain associated with formula manufactured in the same facility, indicating a persistent source of contamination.
Nanomedical applications have increased significantly. This work aimed to fabricate and characterize cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoOnps) synthesized biologically via aqueous Alhagi maurorum extract and evaluate their cytotoxic and antimicrobial impacts. Green-synthesized CoOnps were prepared and analyzed using UV–Vis spectrophotometer UV–vis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy TEM, Energy dispersive X-ray analysis EDAX, Fourier transform infrared, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In vitro traits of green-synthesized CoOnps were studied on ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3) using a Sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. The cytotoxic effect and IC50 were estimated. Moreover, concentrations of 10, 30, 40, 70, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/mL CoOnps were applied to investigate their antimicrobial effect against Listeria, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus as gram +ve pathogenic bacteria, Bifidobacterium bifidum 2203, Bifidobacterium bifidum LMG 10,645, Bifidobacterium breve LMC 017, Bifidobacterium angulatum 2238 and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15,707 as probiotics, E. coli as gram −ve bacterial model and yeast strain Candida albicans. CoOnps showed anti-ovarian cancer effects at 24.02 μg/mL. Furthermore, it exerted antimicrobial activity versus Listeria, Streptococcus, S. aureus, and E. coli were 31.66 ± 0.88, 24.33 ± 2.08, 25.66 ± 0.33, and 33.00 ± 6.08; however, they did not suppress the growth of Candida albicans and all tested Bifidobacterial strains up to concentrations of 500 μg/mL with significant difference compared to all concentrations p < 0.05. Green synthesis of CoOnps is a low-cost, eco-friendly and easily prepared method. Its impressive features as cytotoxic SKOV3, a cell line ovarian cancer and antibacterial effect for some gram +ve and −ve bacteria, besides maintaining probiotics, could candidate them as competitive agents for medical, pharmacological, agricultural and food applications.