Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Promise Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity in Ovarian Cancer
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Abstract Background Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cancer in gynaecology. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the most often used cancer-fighting strategies. Post-surgery infection is fairly prevalent, especially among people with insufficient immunity. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnOnps) have amazing biomedical features as anticancer and antibacterial agents. Methods We investigated the behaviour of ZnOnps synthesized by green methods on ovarian cancers using established human ovarian cancer cell lines, besides the antibacterial action toward models of gram + ve and gram -ve bacteria. The cytotoxic effect of ZnOnps was calculated using a Sulforhodamine B (SRB) trial. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli) were tested as models for gram + ve and gram -ve bacteria. The selected bacteria were subjected to concentrations of 20, 40, 80, and 100 μg/ml. Results The synthesized ZnOnps induced 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at a concentration of 27.45 μg/ml. The diameter of inhibition ranged between 20.16 ± 0.16 and 27 ± 0.57 mm for S. aureus and 25.66 ± 0.33 to 31 ± 0.33 mm for E. coli . ZnOnps antagonistic effect statistically differed with neomycin, cefaclor, and cefadroxil. Conclusions Green synthesis of ZnOnps is easily prepared, low cost, non-toxic, and eco-friendly. Their cytotoxic action on SKOV3 cells and their antibacterial characteristics pave the way to be an alternative therapy for ovarian cancer and S. aureus and E. coli infection.Keywords:
Sulforhodamine B
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find an in vitro method for determining the cytotoxicity of boronated drugs as well as their potential suitability for neutron capture therapy. Materials and methods: The survival of human melanoma cells has been determined by a colony assay and the sulforhodamine-B assay after X-irradiation and irradiation with fast d(14) Beneutrons using the boronated compound borocaptate sodium (BSH). The cytotoxic effects of BSH have been studied using both methods. Results: Under well-defined experimental conditions, and after a sufficient amount of time for the expression of radiation damage, the results of the sulforhodamine-B assay are qualitatively comparable with the results of the colony assay. Conclusion: The sulforhodamine-B assay is suitable for the screening of compounds for potential use in neutron capture therapy because it is a fast and efficient method that is reproducible and technically advantageous.
Sulforhodamine B
Neutron capture
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3-<em>O</em>-Acetyl-glycyrrhetinic amides were prepared, and sulforhodamine B assays investigated their cytotoxicity. Their cytotoxicity strongly depended on the substitution pattern of the respective compounds. Thereby, an ethylenediamine-derived compound <strong>2</strong> performed the best, acting mainly by apoptosis. As far as heterocyclic amides are concerned, ring enlargement and the replacement of the distal nitrogen invariably led to a more or less complete loss of cytotoxic activity. Thus, the presence of a carbonyl function (C-30) seems necessary for providing significant cytotoxicity.
Sulforhodamine B
Ethylene diamine
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The sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was developed by Skehan and colleagues to measure drug-induced cytotoxicity and cell proliferation for large-scale drug-screening applications. Its principle is based on the ability of the protein dye sulforhodamine B to bind electrostatically and pH dependent on protein basic amino acid residues of trichloroacetic acid-fixed cells. Under mild acidic conditions it binds to and under mild basic conditions it can be extracted from cells and solubilized for measurement. Results of the SRB assay were linear with cell number and cellular protein measured at cellular densities ranging from 1 to 200% of confluence. Its sensitivity is comparable with that of several fluorescence assays and superior to that of Lowry or Bradford. The signal-to-noise ratio is favorable and the resolution is 1000-2000 cells/well. It performed similarly compared to other cytotoxicity assays such as MTT or clonogenic assay. The SRB assay possesses a colorimetric end point and is nondestructive and indefinitely stable. These practical advances make the SRB assay an appropriate and sensitive assay to measure drug-induced cytotoxicity even at large-scale application.
Sulforhodamine B
Clonogenic assay
MTT assay
Bradford protein assay
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Sulforhodamine B (C. I. Acid Red 52) を原料とし, クロロスルホン化後, アミノ化を経由することにより, 3番目のベンゼン環上に反応基 (ジクロロトリアジン基), β-ヒドロキシ・エチルスルポニル硫酸エステル基, β- (N-メチルタウリル) ・エチルスルホン基を導入して, 一連のキサンテン系反応染料を合成した。得られた染料は母体染料Sulforhodamine Bと比較すると, その溶液の吸収極大波長は深色的であり, 絹糸繊維上でSulforhodamine Bと比較して, 少し紫よりであり, 染着率と反応率は割合高く, 洗濯堅牢度は4-5級になり, 割合高い鮮明さと洗濯堅牢度を備え, 性能の優れた反応染料であることがわかった。また, Sulforhodamine Bのクロロスルホン化物より, スルポニルメチルアミン化物 (N1N2) の構造よりSulforhodamine Bのクロロスルホン化物および合成染料の構造を推定した。
Sulforhodamine B
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Minimum bactericidal concentration
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Objective:Assess cytotoxicity of medical device with silver nanoparticles and assay the reason of the cytotoxicity.Method:The nine kinds of silver nanoparticle samples in three types were tested by MTT cytotoxicity method.Result:The test showed that the cytotoxic ity in 9 final samples all were grade 3 to 4;the gels and dressings which are semi-finished products without silver nanoparticles,were grade 1 of cytotoxicity;patches were grade 4 of cytotoxicity;patches without adhesive were grade 1 of cytotoxicity.Conclusion:Silver nanoparticle medical devices in the present test showed moderate or severe cytotoxicity.Gels or dressings only which without silver nanoparticle showed slightly cytotoxicity.Patches only which without silver nanoparticle showed severe cytotoxicity,and adhesive is the main reason of the cytotoxicity.Whether the severe cytotoxicity will induce persist cell damage,and the detail mechanisms of silver nanoparticle or adhesive-induced cytotoxicity need further investigation.
Silver nanoparticle
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Background: Cancer caused nearly 8.8 million deaths in 2015. Limited efficacy, selectivity, drug resistance and toxicity are major complications associated with chemotherapy, potentiating the discovery of anticancer agents. Methods: A new series of N-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide/benzamide analogues (5a-j) was prepared from the precursor, 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (3), as anticancer agent. The structural assignment of quinolone analogues (5a-j) was based on spectroscopic data analyses. The cytotoxicity was tested on breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB- 231) by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and three dose-related parameters GI50, TGI, and LC50 were calculated. Results: 2-(2-chlorophenoxy)-N-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide (5a) showed the most potent cytotoxicity against the MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines with GI50 of 18.7 and 48.1 µM respectively. The glide scores of the compounds, 5a-d were found to be related to the cytotoxicity profile and the emodel scores for ligands, 5a-j were found to be related to significant cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Compound 5a exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity and this report may provide some predictions to design more potent novel quinolines as cytotoxic agents.
Acetamide
Benzamide
Sulforhodamine B
Docking (animal)
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The purpose of this study is to examine the protective effect of Cynomorii herba on -induced cytotoxicity in male germ cells. The effects were studied by a modified MTT assay. Hydrogen peroxide significantly induced cytotoxicity in GC-1 spg cells, and co-treatment or pre-treatment of Cynomorii herba extract has reduced the cytotoxicity in a dose dependant manner. These results suggest that Cynomorii herba extract increases the survival rate of GC-1 spg cells through the antioxidant effect against -induced cytotoxicity.
MTT assay
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Eight aza-chalcones L1-8 and eight new platinum(IV) complexes C1-8 with aza-chalcones were synthesized. The complexes have been characterized by elemental anaylsis, IR spectra, electronic spectrum and 1H NMR. The cytotoxicity was tested byMTT assays and compared with the cytotoxicity of cisplatinum. The results indicate that the complexes C1-3 and C5-8 have cytotoxicity against tested A-549 cell line; moreover, the cytotoxicity of complexes C6 approached cisplatinum. The complexes C3, C4 and C6 have cytotoxicity against tested Hela cell line, but the cytotoxicity of these complexes is lower than cisplatinum.Most of the coorespounding ligands have no cytotoxicity against tested two cell lines, and the cytotoxicity of all ligands is lower than complexes.The results suggest that the cytotoxicity of all complexes againstA-549 cell line is better than against Hela cell line.
HeLa
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Silver can inhibit bacterial activity. Previous studies showed that high concentration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in compared to its lower concentrations is toxic for human health. However, by decreasing concentration of AgNPs, antibacterial activity also decreases. In this study, we investigated synergistic inhibitory activity of the combination of AgNPs and garlic oil nanoemulsion (GONE) for increase antibacterial activity of AgNPs at lower concentrations. AgNPs and GONE with sizes of 30.7 and 19.3 nm were synthesized and prepared by chemical reduction and low energy method, respectively. Physicochemical properties of AgNPs and GONE were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of samples was assessed using the standard microdilution method against pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. P. aeruginosa was suspected to AgNPs and GONE at all concentration, but in the case of S. aureus, antibacterial activity was revealed at ≥29.1% (v/v) and ≥ 36.4 ppb concentration of GONE and AgNPs, respectively. In addition, at low concentration, S. aureus was unsuspected to AgNPs and GONE. Combination of AgNPs and GONE (CAG) demonstrated synergistic inhibitory effects at low concentration (≥29.1% (v/v) and ≥ 36.4 ppb concentration). Also, CAG revealed antibacterial activity against S. aureus at low concentration. These results indicate that combination of GONE and AgNPs has potential as a green antiseptic agent.
Silver nanoparticle
Antiseptic
Minimum bactericidal concentration
Broth microdilution
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