Lycorine, a naturally occurring compound extracted from the Amaryllidaceae plant family, has been reported to exhibit antitumour activity in various cancer cell types. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying lycorine-induced apoptosis in hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. We found that lycorine induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 cells accompanied by mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, Ca2+ and cytochrome c (Cyto C) release, as well as caspase activation. Furthermore, we found Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) cleavage/activation played a critical role in lycorine-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. In addition, the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 was employed, and we found that co-treatment with Y-27632 partly attenuated lycorine-induced ROCK1 activation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Meanwhile, an in vivo study revealed that lycorine inhibited tumour growth and induced apoptosis in a HepG2 xenograft mouse model in association with ROCK1 activation. Taken together, all these findings suggested that lycorine induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis through ROCK1 activation in HepG2 cells, and this may be a theoretical basis for lycorine's anticancer effects.
Cu2−xSe nanoparticles (Cu2−xSe NPs) are widely used for optical diagnostic imaging and photothermal therapy due to their strong near-infrared (NIR) optical absorption.
ECM modeling and econometric tests were used to analyse the impact of science and technology investments (STIs) on economic growths during 1997-2013 in seven northern central cities of Anhui province, China. The correlations between local STIs and regional economic growths were found statistically significant in four of those northern cities of Anhui province. Empirical results estimated the impacts of STIs on GDPs were significant in four of these cities. Regional economic growth of GDP was elevated by 14.3391, 53.5197, 36.1417 and 17.0801% in the short terms, and adjusted by 17.4804, 128.5715, 53.0834 and 45.0429% in the long terms, while STIs were increased by 1% according to the estimated elasticity coefficients. Furthermore, the promoting efficiencies of STIs on GDPs were analysed according to the q statistics too. These results revealed that the potential impacts of local STIs on regional economic growths were significant in these four cities.
This study comprehensively assessed carbon dioxide emissions over a span of two decades, from 2000 to 2020, with the decomposition and decoupling analyses considering multiple influence factors across both short-term and long-term dimensions. The results revealed great fluctuations in the decoupling analysis index (DAI) for subjected sectors such as natural resource processing, electricity, gas, water, textiles, machinery, and electronics manufacturing. Of note, significantly changed sectoral DAIs were observed in urban traffic and transportation, logistics warehousing, and the postal industry within Anhui Province. In contrast, the DAIs of other sectors and social services exhibited a weak decoupling state in Anhui Province. The industrial sectors responsible for mining and textiles and the energy structure encompassing electricity, gas, and water emerged as the primary contributors to carbon dioxide emissions. Additionally, the efficiency of the socio-economic development (EDE) was identified as the principal driver of carbon dioxide emissions during the observed period, while the energy consumption intensity (ECI) served as the putative crucial inhibiting factor. The two-dimensional decoupling of carbon dioxide emissions attributable to the EDE demonstrated a gradual transition from industrial sectors to buildings and tertiary industries from 2000 to 2020. In the future, the interaction between urban carbon dioxide emissions and the socio-economic landscape should be optimized to foster integrated social sustainable development in Anhui Province.
The study analyzed the choices of Chinese herbal medicine planters on agricultural production coordination forms based on the case of Bozhou city from the perspectives of farmers.Next, an empirically survey of the different choices of planters on the forms or types of vertical coordination was carried out and the analyzed results showed that loose vertical coordination types were the main choices of planters.Although there was no obvious difference between diverse types of the vertical coordination in obtaining of planting elements and farming scales, the planting benefit of close vertical coordination was better than that of loose vertical coordination.Moreover, more than half of the surveyed herbal medicine planters showed positive intentions on the close types of vertical coordination.In particular, the planters were more concerning on the market transactions than the contract transaction aspects.
Abstract Dopamine deficiency caused by apoptosis of the dopaminergic nerve cells in the midbrain substantia nigra is the main pathological basis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent research has shown that dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission plays an important role in dopaminergic nerve cell apoptosis. However, the upstream regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Our study shows that knockdown of Drp1 blocked aberrant mitochondrial fission and dopaminergic nerve cell apoptosis. Importantly, we found that ROCK1 was activated in an MPP + -induced PD cell model and that ROCK1 knockdown and the specific ROCK1 activation inhibitor Y-27632 blocked Drp1-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission and apoptosis of dopaminergic nerve cell through suppression of Drp1 dephosphorylation/activation. Our in vivo study confirmed that Y-27632 significantly improved symptoms of a PD mouse model through inhibition of Drp1-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission and apoptosis of dopaminergic nerve cell. Collectively, Our study suggests an important molecular mechanism of PD pathogenesis involving ROCK1-regulated dopaminergic nerve cell apoptosis via activation of Drp1-induced aberrant mitochondrial fission.
AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric complex composed of three subunits and is the core energy sensor of the cell. The AMPK activity is important for survival during periods of stress and starvation and also has implications in type II diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, longevity and cancer, etc. The activation of AMPK is triggered through binding of Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Proteins (AMP) to the Bateman domains of the gamma subunit, leading to increased phosphorylation of the threonine 172 on the alpha subunit by inducing allosteric activation and inhibiting dephosphorylation. AMPK and its subunits have been the focuses of many researchers dealing with genetic and metabolic issues. The study makes a comprehensive review on the structure, function, distribution, enzyme activity, the genetic mutation and other aspects of AMPK and its subunit genes, with the aim to outline main aspects of present researches on AMPK and its subunits in animal genetics.
As substantial progress has been achieved in modern poultry production with large-scale and intensive feeding and farming in recent years, stress becomes a vital factor affecting chicken growth, development, and production yield, especially the quality and quantity of skeletal muscle mass. The review was aimed to outline and understand the stress-related genetic regulatory mechanism, which significantly affects glucose metabolism regulation in chicken skeletal muscle tissues. Progress in current studies was summarized relevant to the molecular mechanism and regulatory pathways of glucose metabolism regulation under stress in chicken skeletal muscle tissues. Particularly, the elucidation of those concerned pathways promoted by insulin and insulin receptors would give key clues to the understanding of biological processes of stress response and glucose metabolism regulation under stress, as well as their later effects on chicken muscle development.
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