β-glucuronidase (βG) is one of the enzymes involved in the destruction of non-collagenous components of the extracellular matrix. It is also considered an indicator or predictor of periodontal disease activity. The present study was conducted to determine the presence and the levels of βG activity in gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in periodontal disease and health status. The validity of 2 expressions of data, total βG activity versus βG concentration, and the correlations between clinical periodontal status and βG profile was also evaluated.βG activities in gingival tissues and GCF samples from 57 individuals, divided into 3 equal groups of adult periodontitis (AP), early-onset periodontitis (EOP), and periodontally healthy subjects were spectrophotometrically examined.Both patient groups had higher βG levels in both gingiva and GCF than controls. Significant differences were observed among all groups when total GCF βG activities were examined (P <0.05). However, the difference between AP and controls was not significant when concentration values were compared (P >0.05). The highest GCF βG activity, with both expressions, was detected in EOP group. No absolute correlations between clinical parameters and βG activity were observed, except for random correlations in the patient groups with mean total βG activities. Also GCF/gingiva βG levels and the 2 expressions did not show absolute correlations.The findings of the present study confirm the relationship between βG activity and periodontal diseases. The differences in data concerning GCF total βG activity and βG concentration may suggest that they are not matching measures. Data presentation seems to be an important factor in GCF/enzyme profile studies. J Periodontol 2000;71:618-624.
The aim of this randomized controlled study was to comparatively analyze the new bone (NB), residual bone, and graft-bone association in bone biopsies retrieved from augmented maxillary sinus sites by histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography (MicroCT) in a split-mouth model to test the efficacy of porous titanium granules (PTG) in maxillary sinus augmentation. Fifteen patients were included in the study and each patient was treated with bilateral sinus augmentation procedure using xenograft (equine origine, granule size 1000–2000 μm) and xenograft (1 g) + PTG (granule size 700–1000 μm, pore size >50 μm) (1 g), respectively. After a mean of 8.4 months, 30 bone biopsies were retrieved from the implant sites for three-dimensional MicroCT and two-dimensional histomorphometric analyses. Bone volume and vital NB percentages were calculated. Immediate after core biopsy, implants having standard dimensions were placed and implant stability quotient values were recorded at baseline and 3 months follow-up. There were no significant differences between groups according to residual bone height, residual bone width, implant dimensions, and implant stability quotient values (baseline and 3 months). According to MicroCT and two-dimensional histomorphometric analyses, the volume of newly formed bone was 57.05% and 52.67%, and 56.5% and 55.08% for xenograft + PTG and xenograft groups, respectively. No statistically significant differences found between groups according to NB percentages and higher Hounsfield unit values were found for xenograft + PTG group. The findings of the current study supports that PTG, which is a porous, permanent nonresorbable bone substitute, may have a beneficial osteoconductive effect on mechanical strength of NB in augmented maxillary sinus.
Abstract Inflammatory periodontal diseases are mediated by interactions between the dental plaque and the components of the host immune system. This study was designed to analyse the phenotypic properties of gingival lymphocytes in adult periodontitis. Biopsies were obtained from 12 patients and aged between 35 and 55 years. The tissues were processed for both histopathological and immunohistological examinations. Gingival tissue lymphocytes were identified using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies with the immunoperoxidase technique. All speciments revealed a significant degree of CD3(+) cell infiltration beneath the pocket epithelium, which is located adjacent to the bacterial plaque, compared to that on the oral epithelial side. CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were evenly distributed within these infiltrates. Numerous HLA-DR(+) cells were also noted. The majority of plasma cells in the central lamina propria bore IgG isotypes. These findings suggest that T-cell mediated regulatory mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of adult periodontitis.
Abstract – Localized bone defects may be seen following the extraction of teeth with periapical lesion or advanced periodontal disease, or as a result of trauma. When these regions are considered for treatment with implants, localized ridge augmentation will be necessary. Autogenous bone grafts are used exclusively for ridge augmentation. This case report represents the treatment of a localized edentulous ridge with an upside down osteotomy technique at the symphysis region prior to implant placement. Systemically healthy 21‐year‐old female patient, who was missing a lower right incisor tooth, was scheduled for an implant treatment. However, the crestal width was only 1 mm. The augmentation was planned and the region was treated with an upside down osteotomy technique. Nine months after the augmentation procedure, the computed tomography (CT) examination of the area revealed that the width of the crest was 7 mm, and the height of the crest was in good relation with the cementoenamel junction of the adjacent teeth. Flipping a bone block graft, which was harvested from the edentulous area, upside down may provide a successful result in partially edentulous ridges, in both maxilla and mandible.
Background and objectives: Various methodological factors may operate during clinical gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sampling, volume quantification or subsequent laboratory analysis. For precise volume quantification, specific concern for generation and maintenance of a reliable calibration curve, the potential risk of GCF loss as a result of evaporation or fluid retention on actual volume and the impact of local conditions is needed because each of these factors may act as a source of subsequent volumetric distortions. Thus, the present study aimed to analyse the impact of sample transfer time on the rate of evaporation and the possibility of fluid retention, and the impact of local conditions and number of replicated measurements on the reliability of calibration data. Materials and methods: To analyse evaporative errors, standardized Periopaper ® strips provided with known test volumes (0.1 µl, 0.2 µl, 0.5 µl and 0.6 µl) were transferred to Periotron 8000 ® with different time intervals (immediately, 5 s, 30 s and 60 s). For fluid retention, after quantifying the actual volume of the strips provided with known volumes (0.1 µl and 0.6 µl) of two test fluids, a second set of measurements was performed using dry strips. To determine the impact of local conditions (temperature and humidity) and the validity of 3, 5 and 20 replications (0.0–0.6 µl with 0.1‐µl increments) on device calibration for 20°C and 25°C, electronic readings were obtained from three devices at three different locations. Differences in volumetric data in each experimental design were statistically analysed. Results: No significant fluid loss was observed within 5 s, but evaporation clearly led to volumetric distortions with extending transfer times (30 s or 60 s) ( p < 0.05). Measurable amounts of fluid retention were found for both volumes and both test fluids, but not with identical patterns. Local conditions resulted in unique calibration data for each test volume and for each device. Although a 5°C increase generally provided higher readings, this was not observed for all devices at all volumes. Additional replicates ( n = 5 or n = 20) did not seem to add any further reliability to the triplicate scores for the given test volumes. Conclusion: The findings of the present study confirm the reliability of triplicate readings, and uniqueness of each device and electronic data and the distinct impact of local environmental conditions on the generation/maintenance of calibration scores for each particular device. Furthermore, they underline time‐dependent evaporation and fluid retention as additional technical concerns and once again highlight the importance of methodological standardization of the electronic volume quantification process.
A case of M affucci's syndrome (MS) in a 17‐year‐old Caucasian female is presented with a thorough intraoral examination. The prominent finding was recurrent gingival hyperplasia affecting both the free and attached gingiva with deep periodontal pockets, tooth mobility, pathological tooth migration, and severe alveolar bone loss. Furthermore, the pattern of alveolar bone destruction, in many ways, resembled that of localized juvenile periodontitis. Although there is always the possibility that these oral features may not be related with the syndrome, we suggest a careful dental and periodontal examination in future cases, which we believe will help develop a better description of oral findings in MS. J Periodontol 1993;64:673–677 .
Nitrite is a stable end-product of nitric oxide oxidation. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively analyze peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) nitrite levels in a longitudinal study design to evaluate the potential changes in nitric oxide metabolism in relation to the clinical status of the peri-implant site and the loading style of the dental implants.A total of 34 implants, either early loaded (EL) or delayed loaded (DL), in 17 patients were followed up for a period of 18 months. Clinical parameters were recorded, PISF samples were obtained, and PISF nitrite levels were spectrophotometrically determined. Clinical measurements and nitrite analysis were repeated at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months.Despite the gradual decrease in clinical parameters, fluctuations in PISF total nitrite levels were observed during follow-up. The pattern of nitric oxide metabolism, as reflected by PISF nitrite levels, also demonstrated differences between EL and DL implants that diminished toward the end of the experimental period.Although the presence of clinical and subclinical gingival inflammation contributes to the PISF total nitrite levels, nitric oxide metabolism is also associated with healing and bone remodeling, and the pattern of loading seemed to have an impact on nitric oxide production at dental implant sites.Nitric oxide production at dental implant sites seems to be tightly regulated to enable the maintenance of peri-implant bone.
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