Objective To assess the incidence of T1D in children aged <15 years in Elazig, Turkey. Method The data of children who have been registered as child with T1D in the database of pediatric diabetes clinic was analyzed. Childhood census data were acquired from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The incidence rates of T1D were calculated for the whole group as well as separately for age group, gender, year of diagnosis, and place of residence, viz. either urban or rural per 100 000 persons per year. The change of incidence during the 10 year observation period was analyzed. Results The overall mean incidence of T1D in study period was 16.7/100 000 [95% confidence interval (CI): 14.6-19.0] persons per year. The incidence rates of T1D varied from 10.2 to 24.1/100 000 persons per year, representing 2.4-fold variation between 2009 and 2019. The lowest incidence rate was in children aged 0 to 4 years (9.6/100 000 persons per year; CI: 6.9-12.9). There was no difference in incidence rate between genders, incidence rates was significant higher in urban residents. A significant increasing trend of T1D was detected in the total 10-year observation period; the average annual percent change was 7.8%. Subgroup analysis showed that there was significant increasing trend in boys, urban residents, and children aged 5 to 9 years groups. Conclusion This study demonstrated increase in T1D incidence of in children in Elazig and highest regional incidence rate of T1D until now in Turkey compared to previous limited data.
ABS TRACTAim : We aimed to investigate the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and the associated factors at the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children in a tertiary health center in Turkey, and to review previous studies conducted in Turkey.Materials and Methods: Data of 180 children with T1D (98 boys) aged 1 to 18 years were analyzed retrospectively.All children were consecutively diagnosed as having T1D at our pediatric endocrinology clinic between April 2016 and December 2019.To conduct a literature review, we screened PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and article reference lists as well as the proceedings of the national conferences organized by the Turkish Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Society for the period until January 1 st , 2020.Results: DKA was detected in 81 (45.0%) children with T1D at the time of diagnosis in this cohort.An association between DKA and high glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at the time of diagnosis was determined (p=0.038).Furthermore, a relationship was also detected between severe DKA (pH<7.1 or serum bicarbonate <5 mmol/L) and children residing in rural areas, as well as mothers with education less than high school (p=0.003 and p=0.022, respectively).This study, together with a literature review of 49 other studies, identified that 4,037 (45.6%) of 8,837 children with newly diagnosed T1D presented with DKA at diagnosis between 1981 and 2019. Conclusion:In this cohort, presentation with DKA at the time of diagnosis of T1D in children was associated with high levels of HbA1c, and presentation with severe DKA was associated with rural life as well as low education levels of mothers.Almost half of all children with T1D presented with DKA in Turkey.There should be greater effort to increase awareness among society and health professionals for the early detection of T1D in children.
Abstract Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues are used in the treatment of prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis, and uterine leiomyomas in adults and often in the treatment of precocious puberty in children. Many adverse effects have been reported for gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues, but anaphylaxis is rarely reported as an adverse effect. Frequent cross-reactions, particularly during childhood, and diversity of the time of onset of anaphylactic manifestations complicate the diagnosis. A patient who exhibited anaphylactic allergic reactions to two different agents used in the treatment of central precocious puberty presented here because the case has an atypical course and is the first in the literature.
Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the most important pediatric emergent conditions because of major cause of morbidity and mortality. SE should be diagnosed and treated emergently, because it is one of the diseases that may lead to serious sequalea. The aim of the study is to evaluate neuroimaging methods and electroencephalography (EEG) findings of patients with SE, who were under follow up at our hospital. 162 patients (age range, 0-18 years) with SE treated and followed at our hospital between December 2006 and May 2009 were enrolled in our study. Patient’s age, sex, MRI- CT imaging and EEG findings were recorded from patient’s files. Patient’s age and sex were similar. CT was available in 41 patients and MRI was available in 36 patients. CT results of 28 patients were normal, but some pathologies were found in 13 patients. MRI results of 14 patients were normal, but some alterations were detected in 22 patients. EEG was present in 97 patients. EEG results of 49 patients (%50.5) were normal. Consequently, there is no enough data regarding the necessity of the use of neuroimaging methods in case of previous etiology-confirmed SE. However, neuroimaging methods may be considered useful to determinate etiology of SE, response to treatment, and effects on long-term prognosis. Moreover, we can highlight that the early period EEG may be important in determining prognosis.