Globally, tobacco use continues to be a major health care concern. Despite strong recommendations to quit smoking, tobacco users are experiencing difficulties in quitting. The purpose of this integrative review is to discuss self-efficacy theory as an important behavioral therapy for treating tobacco use and nicotine dependence. Moreover, the paper proposes a literature-derived model that employs self-efficacy as a central component for treating tobacco use and nicotine dependence. Eleven relevant articles were included in this review. Self-efficacy has an important role in smoking cessation. Improving self-efficacy enhances the individual’s success in quitting tobacco use and preventing relapse. Moreover, incorporating self-efficacy as a cognitive behavioral intervention has shown various degrees of success for treating tobacco use and nicotine dependence. In order to offer guidance to health care providers assisting in quitting tobacco, a model that integrates self-efficacy as a central component of the quitting process is proposed.
Quantitative studies have provided valuable statistical insights into Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among patients with Heart Failure (HF), yet they often lack the depth to fully capture the nuanced, subjective experiences of living with HF particularly in the specific context of Jordan. This study explores the personal narratives of HF patients to understand the full impact of HF on their daily lives, revealing HRQoL aspects that quantitative metrics often miss. This is crucial in developing regions, where the increasing prevalence of HF intersects with local healthcare practices, cultural views, and patient expectations, providing key insights for tailored interventions and better patient care.
Abstract Background Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is a global problem but it can be prevented with the appropriate implementation of evidence-based guidelines. This study was conducted to assess the level of compliance of healthcare workers with the catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention guidelines during the insertion of a urinary catheter. Methods An observational study using a descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted at Sana’a City hospitals, Yemen. All the nurses and physicians from the governmental, teaching, and private hospitals were eligible to participate in the study. The data collection was performed through convenience sampling from March 2020 to December 2020, using a structured observational checklist prepared specifically for this study. Results The majority of the urinary catheter insertions were performed by nurses. There were no written policy or procedures for an urinary catheter insertion and no in-service education or training departments in the majority of the hospitals. The overall mean score of compliance was 7.31 of 10. About 71% of the healthcare workers had a high or acceptable level of compliance and 29% had an unsafe level of compliance. Compliance was low for maintaining aseptic technique throughout the insertion procedure, using a single use packet of lubricant jelly, performing hand hygiene immediately before insertion, and securing the urinary catheter once inserted. Factors affecting the healthcare workers compliance were gender, the working ward/unit of the healthcare workers, the availability of a written policy/procedure and a department or unit for in-service education. Conclusion Yemeni healthcare workers’ overall compliance was acceptable but it was unsafe in several critical measures. There is an urgent need for developing, implementing, and monitoring national guidelines and institutional policy and procedures for catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention. Periodical in-service education and training programs and adequate access to the necessary materials and supplies are paramount.
Introduction: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma often face a significant symptom burden and reduced healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL).Understanding the factors influencing HRQoL in this population is essential for developing effective interventions.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the perceived symptoms, physical limitations, and impacts on HRQoL among COPD and asthma patients in Jordan.Additionally, we aimed to identify factors correlated with HRQoL in this population.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 120 patients, utilizing the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD patients.Participants reported their recent respiratory symptoms, limitations in physical activity, and impacts on daily life.Correlation analyses were performed to investigate the associations between various factors and HRQoL.Results: The survey revealed a high prevalence of symptoms, including cough, phlegm production, breathlessness, and wheezing, with the symptoms significantly impacting patients' physical activity and overall well-being.Young age, a higher level of education, perceived excellent or very good health status, increased sleep duration, and a high Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) were found to be positively and significantly correlated with higher HRQoL.In contrast, smoking, higher BMI, the presence of comorbidities, a high respiratory rate, and mental health symptoms such as anxiety and depression were positively and significantly Universal Journal of Public Health 11(6): 800-812, 2023 801 correlated with lower HRQoL.Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the factors affecting HRQoL among patients with COPD and asthma in Jordan.The findings underscore the need for comprehensive interventions addressing both physical and emotional aspects to improve the well-being of this patient population.Further research is warranted to explore and implement targeted interventions for enhancing HRQoL in these patients.
The prevalence of smoking and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is high among Jordanian population. Despite Jordanian government establishment of tobacco control regulations, Jordanians still smoke in public areas and indoor work places. Implementation of paternalistic laws through prohibiting of smoking in public places and indoor areas, selling tobacco to minors and increasing taxes on tobacco products have been recognized as effective strategies to control smoking and limit its' harm. Government should take firm actions to enforce these regulations to protect Jordanians from the hazards of second-hand smoking. Tobacco use has strong addictive properties. Smoking cessation interventions are necessary to reduce health hazards of tobacco use. According to tobacco cessation guidelines, clinicians should assess smoking behavior at each patient visit and assist patients to quit smoking. Also, clinicians should provide counseling and pharmacological treatment to patients who are willing to quit smoking. On the other hand, patients who are unwilling to quit smoking, motivational intervention and improve patients' self efficacy to quit smoking are highly recommended to help those patients to make attempts to quit smoking in the future.
Background: The responsibilities of critical care nurses for mechanical ventilation (MV) management may differ among countries, particularly in the weaning process. Aim: To identify nurses' perceptions, roles, and challenges regarding the weaning process for patients in intensive care units (ICUs) in Denmark, Egypt, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: This study was a qualitative study using a phenomenological-hermeneutic design. Results: Nurses in Egypt and the KSA were more likely to independently adjust ventilator settings. They used body language, facial expressions, and eye contact to communicate with patients. They prepared patients for the weaning process following physicians' orders. They provided routine nursing care with no specific nursing guidelines or protocols for the weaning process. In contrast, the nurses in Denmark checked the ventilator settings frequently, assessed the consistency of secretions, and frequently performed endotracheal suctioning. They used body language, facial expressions, and eye contact, and they used low technology devices (e.g. word or picture charts, alphabet boards and rewritable magnetic boards) and advanced technological devices (e.g. electronic voice output communication aids through a computer) to communicate with their patients. Moreover, the criteria for weaning and the protocol were used to wean patients from MV. Unfortunately, no protocol was applied for patients with long-term MV. Therefore, the weaning of these patients was conducted by consultation between the nurses and physicians. Conclusion: The use of weaning protocols in Danish settings is an excellent example of collaborative teamwork to apply the best practices in MV weaning processes. It is recommended that nurses in Arab countries apply this experience.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a respiratory care bundle, including deep breathing exercises, incentive spirometry, and airway clearance techniques, on the quality of life (QoL) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in Jordan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental study design and convenience sampling method was used to recruit 120 COPD patients, with 54 in the intervention group and 66 in the control group. The intervention group received additional respiratory care bundle training, while the control group received only discharge instructions and an education program. The St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) was used to assess participants’ QoL before and after the intervention. Independent t -tests, paired t -tests, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The study found no significant differences between patients’ characteristics, health status, and SGRQ-C scores between the two groups at baseline. After the intervention, there were statistically significant differences in all SGRQ-C subscales, which were lower in the intervention group compared to the control group. The paired t -test showed significant reductions in all SGRQ-C symptoms components (t = 7.62, P < .001), activity component (t = 7.58, P < .001), impact component (t = 7.56, P < .001), and total scores post-intervention (t = 7.52, P < .001) for the intervention group. The ANCOVA analysis showed significant differences in scores of SGRQ-C components and total scores (f = 11.3, P < .001) post-intervention between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The study’s findings suggest that providing additional respiratory care bundle training for COPD patients can significantly improve their QoL, as measured by the SGRQ-C scores. The respiratory care bundle intervention was effective in reducing COPD symptoms and improving the QoL of COPD patients. Healthcare providers should consider implementing respiratory care bundles as part of COPD management to improve patients’ outcomes.
