Removal of heavy metal contaminants from spent streams can be done in many ways using conventional and membrane techniques.Recovering the heavy metal contaminants is very important to prevent recontamination as well as to realize the potential value.Ultrafiltration (UF) has the potential to offer a simple solution in conjunction with size enhancement of the species to be removed referred to as size-enhanced ultrafiltration in literature.The present study focuses on the use of functionalized cyclodextrin, that is, carboxymethyl b-cyclodextrin (CM-b-CD is a derivative of natural material which is easily available) which not only enables the removal of heavy metal contaminants but also amenable for recovering back the contaminant species and the chelating agent for reuse.The experimental studies were conducted using the ultrafiltration system equipped with 50 kDa MWCO (molecular weight cut-off) PES membrane.The design of experiments was done using central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM).The experiments were conducted as per the statistical design to analyze and optimize the process conditions, such as initial pH of the feed, polymer to metal loading rate and initial concentration of the feed solution.The optimization study was done to maximize the rejection, performance index of the membrane (PFI) and recovery of metal.The analysis of variance was performed to examine the developed regression models.Our studies indicated that the CM-b-CD could remove the heavy metal species as well facilitate the recovery of heavy metal species.The experimental values were consistent with the predicted values, which confirm the good validity of the models developed by RSM.
Abstract Effluents pose a great concern for each and every industry including the paper mills. The effluents of papermaking industry need attention due to their dark colors and alkaline nature which on disposal may destroy the biodiversity and aesthetic value of any water body. Due to the non-woody raw materials with minimum chemicals, effluents of handmade paper industry are rich in organic matter and less toxic and less harmful compared to the conventional paper mills. Therefore, the present study was taken up with an aim to utilize effluents of handmade papermaking from cow dung as liquid biofertilizers. For this, the effluent was enriched with selected Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and then used to study its plant growth promoting traits with the seeds of NU1919 variety in Green chilli (Capsicum frutescens) plants using four treatments in triplicates with the Random Block Design. The results of plant growth promotion (viz. number of fruits per plant, average pedicel, average fruit length, fruit yield per plant and average plant height) were found to be best in Set D where a consortium of Azotobacter sp and Enterobacter sps was used along with un-autoclaved effluent (RL). However, average girth and average fruit weight (fresh and dry weight) were maximum in Set B where Azotobacter and Bacillus megaterium were used for modifying RL. On analysis of biochemical attributes of chilli harvest, Vitamin A was found to be maximum in the case of Set A where RL (as such) was used as a biofertilizer, whereas, Vitamin C was found to be almost equal in Set A (167.79 mg/100gm) and Set D (167.30 mg/100gm). The Set C (Bacillus + Azotobacter) showed maximum capsaicinoid content (67,793.18 SHU). Thus the handmade paper industry effluents have been found to be suitable for their biofertilizer use in cultivation of chilli (Capsicum frutescence) plants.
Treatment of fission product aqueous waste is a challenging problem as their chemical concentrations are too low but have significant radiation hazard due to their half-life.The current methods of co-precipitation lead to more sludge and require more space for confinement.Size enhanced ultrafiltration (SEUF) is an emerging technology with a potential not only to effectively separate the species of interest namely Strontium [Sr(II)] and Cesium [Cs(I)] but also recover them by reversing certain chemical conditions.The present paper concerns the removal of Sr(II) and Cs(I) from aqueous streams using SEUF.The studies were conducted using chitosan derivative, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) as a size enhancing agent.The effect of process variables such as initial pH, loading ratio (P/M), and initial concentration of Sr(II) and Cs(I) on the percentage rejection and binding capacity have been studied.The design of experiments was performed by response surface methodology (RSM).The maximum percentage rejection of Cs(I) was found to be 99% at the following optimum process conditions: initial pH of the feed solution is 12, initial concentration of Cs(I) is 10 mg/L, and P/M value is 0.5.The maximum percentage rejection of Sr(II) was found to be 99% at the following optimum process conditions: initial pH of the feed solution is 12, initial concentration of Sr(II) is 9 mg/L, and P/M value is 0.5.The results show that SEUF with CMCh could be an effective method for the removal of Sr(II) and Cs(I).
The discovery of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes is essential to treat cardiovascular diseases. This study reports the discovery of a fibrinolytic enzyme secreted by Bacillus cereus SRM-001, a microorganism isolated from the soil of a chicken waste-dump yard. The B. cereus SRM-001 was cultured and the secreted fibrinolytic enzyme purified to show that it is a ∼28 kDa protein. The purified enzyme was characterized for its kinetics, biochemical and thermal properties to show that it possesses properties similar to plasmin. A HPLC-MS/MS analysis of trypsin digested protein indicated that the fibrinolytic enzyme shared close sequence homology with serine proteases reported for other Bacillus sp. The results show that the B. cereus SRM-001 secreted enzyme is a ∼28 kDa serine protease that possesses fibrinolytic potential.
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