This study explores how Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalism is constructed in Jaffna, Sri Lanka, a post-war reunified state, through post-war travels. Sri Lankan government and the military forces have recreated Buddhist temples and monuments that were destroyed in the war and have re-introduced Buddhist signs and symbols. Thus, Sinhalese Buddhists visiting Jaffna gaze upon the region with a sense of ownership fueled by the triumphalism. This study adopts Michel Foucault’s discourse on power to reach its objectives and employs discourse analysis and ethnographic analysis to analyze the descriptive data. The study finds that the Sinhalese Buddhist Gaze in Jaffna is abstracted as omnipresent in a tripartite system extracted from ancient Sinhalese Buddhist notions: Rata (country), Jathiya (ethnicity), and Aagama (religion).
As a new tourism mode, ecotourism has been widely practiced and researched. However, in practice, it is difficult for ecotourists to realise their original intention and promote sustainable development of the scenery in strict accordance with their fundamental principles and ways. This paper argues that the key cause of this phenomenon is that the value of tourists’ behaviour has not completely become ecological. The Taoists who pursue joining Tao shall inevitably perform the ideal ecotourism behaviour. In attempting to incorporate some concepts of Taoism, which developed in China and has a long history of traditional religion, the paper points out that the Taoist thoughts on values and practices arising from “Tao follows its own way” provide a possible conscious approach to the strict ecological transformation of tourists’ behaviour and also offer a new philosophical view for ecotourism development.
Road kill has gradually become a common factor that has contributed to the decline of amphibians , and traffic volume is an important parameter that can be used to determine the impacts of roads.However, few researchers have studied the effects of either daily or nightly traffic volume on amphibian road kill in China.Hence, as an essential step for implementing mitigation measures, we conducted 77 road surveys along 10 kilometres of road in the Wanglang National Nature Reserve (NNR) to determine the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of amphibian road mortality.In total, 298 dead individuals (Bufo andrewsi and Rana chensinensis) w ere observed on the road from April to October in 2017 and during June and August in 2015 and 2016.B. andrewsi had the highest number of records (85.2%) and was more vulnerable to road mortality than R. chensinensis.Amphibian fatalities mainly occurred during the breeding season in April, but there was an additional concentration of B. andrewsi road kill in June and July.There was a significantly positive correlation between amphibian road mortality and mean night-time traffic volume.Road-kill hotspots were non-randomly distributed throughout the study area and were mainly concentrated in the road sections near the breeding pools.Therefore, to effectively mitigate the effects of road mortality in the Wanglang NNR, measures should be implemented both during hot moments and at hotspots.First, based on road-kill hot moments, during the breeding season (in April) and in June and July, the Wangling NNR should establish temporary traffic restraints at night.Second, based on road-kill hotspot s, culverts should be established in areas near breeding pools adjacent to roads, and barrier walls should be installed to guide amphibians into the culverts.
'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cpath id='a' stroke='%23000' stroke-width='2' d='M-6-25H6m-12 3H6m-12 3H6'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' y='44'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0 17v10'/%3e%3ccircle r='12' fill='%23cd2e3a'/%3e%3cpath fill='%230047a0' d='M0-12A6 6 0 0 0 0 0a6 6 0 0 1 0 12 12 12 0 0 1 0-24z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='rotate(-123.69)'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0-23.5v3M0 17v3.5m0 3v3'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)