To compare the total arsenic concentration between blood and saliva after oral administration of sodium arsenite to SD rats.A single oral gavage dose of sodium arsenite (20mg/kg) was administrated to 21 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Then collected blood and saliva samples at 0, 1-2, 4-5, 7-8, 11-12, 17-18, 23-24 hour for total arsenic detection. The blood samples were detected for total arsenic concentration by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AFS-230) and the salivary arsenic were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).After intake of 20 mg/kg BW sodium arsenite, the total arsenic concentration in blood of SD rats was increased rapidly, and reached the peak value at the 1-2 hour, then descended gradually. However, there was a second peak value at the 7-8 hour. The upward trend of salivary arsenic was more slowly than blood arsenic, and reached the peak value at the 7-8 hour, then descended gradually. The variation tendency of salivary arsenic and blood arsenic with time were basically the same. Besides, there was an obvious positive association between them, the correlation coefficient was 0.678, P < 0.01.The excretion of arsenic in saliva was slower than that of blood samples after administrated a single oral gavage dose of sodium arsenite (20 mg/kg) to SD rate, but the metabolism mode of arsenic in saliva was similar with that in blood, suggested that salivary arsenic can also well reflect the exposure level of arsenic in the body.
Labrasol, as a non-ionic surfactant, can enhance the permeation and absorption of drugs, and is extensively used in topical, transdermal, and oral pharmaceutical preparations as an emulsifier and absorption enhancer. Recent studies in our laboratory have indicated that labrasol has a strong absorption enhancing effect on different types of drugs in vitro and in vivo. This study was performed to further elucidate the action mechanism of labrasol on the corneal penetration. In this research, the fluorescein sodium, a marker of passive paracellular transport of tight junction, was selected as the model drug to assess the effect of labrasol on in vitro corneal permeability. To investigate the continuous and real-time influence of labrasol on the membrane permeability and integrity, the Ussing chamber system was applied to monitor the electrophysiological parameters. And, furthermore, we elucidated the effect of labrasol on excised cornea at the molecular level by application of RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. The results indicated that labrasol obviously enhance the transcorneal permeability of fluorescein sodium, and the enhancement was realized by interacting with and down-regulating the associated proteins, such as F-actin, claudin-1 and β-catenin, which were contributed to cell-cell connections, respectively.
Background Butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) rs2076530 gene polymorphism has been implicated in susceptibility to sarcoidosis. However, results from previous studies are not consistent. To assess the association of BTNL2 polymorphism and sarcoidosis susceptibility, a meta-analysis was performed. Methods PubMed, Embase were searched for eligible case-control studies. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results Ten studies involving a total of 3303 cases and 2514 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Combined data indicated that BTNL2 rs2076530 polymorphism was associated with sarcoidosis susceptibility in allelic model (A vs. G, OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.47–1.72), dominant model (AA + AG vs. GG, OR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.67–2.65), and recessive model (AA vs. AG + GG, OR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.49–2.50). Conclusions This meta-analysis indicates that BTNL2 rs2076530 polymorphism contributes to the risk of sarcoidosis.
Objective To investigate the correlation of serum leptin with body mass index (BMI),triglyceride(TG),and total cholesterol(TC)in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods A total of 50 serum specimens from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 42samples from healthy subjects were collected.Levels of leptin were detected by radioimmunoassay,so were levels of TG and TC by an automatic biochemical analyzer.BMI was determined.The data were analyzed using the SPSS software.Results BMI values and leptin levels were obviously higher in the healthy subjects than in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma[(23.65±3.32)kg/m2 vs.(21.12±2.86)kg/m2 and(10.205±9.319)ng/ml vs.(4.375±4.367)ng/ml;t=-3.21 P=0.002,and P ＜0.05].Leptin was positively related with BMI.TG,and TC.Conclusions Leptin levels and BMI values decrease in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Leptin is positively related with BMI,TG,and TC.
Key words:
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Leptin; BMI; TG; TC
We used the patch-clamp technique to examine the effect of angiotensin II (ANG II) on the basolateral K channels in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the rat kidney. Application of ANG II increased the channel activity and the current amplitude of the basolateral 50-pS K channel. The stimulatory effect of ANG II on the K channels was completely abolished by losartan, an inhibitor of type 1 angiotensin receptor (AT 1 R), but not by PD123319, an AT 2 R antagonist. Moreover, inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC) also abrogated the stimulatory effect of ANG II on the basolateral K channels in the TAL. This suggests that the stimulatory effect of ANG II on the K channels was induced by activating PLC and PKC pathways. Western blotting demonstrated that ANG II increased the phosphorylation of c-Src at tyrosine residue 416, an indication of c-Src activation. This effect was mimicked by PKC stimulator but abolished by calphostin C. Moreover, inhibition of NADPH oxidase (NOX) also blocked the effect of ANG II on c-Src tyrosine phosphorylation. The role of Src-family protein tyrosine kinase (SFK) in mediating the effect of ANG II on the basolateral K channel was further suggested by the experiments in which inhibition of SFK abrogated the stimulatory effect of ANG II on the basolateral 50-pS K channel. We conclude that ANG II increases basolateral 50-pS K channel activity via AT 1 R and that activation of AT 1 R stimulates SFK by a PLC-PKC-NOX-dependent mechanism.
We used the patch‐clamp technique to study the effect of stimulation of Adenosine A 1 receptor on the basolateral 50 pS K channels in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of rat kidney. 100nM or 200nM Adenosine (ADO) inhibited the basolateral 50 pS K channels. However, 400nM, 800nM and 1μM Adenosine did not decrease the 50 pS K channel activity. Adenosine's effect was mimicked by the specific adenosine A 1 receptor agonist Cyclohexyladenosine (CHA). Inhibition of adenosine A 1 receptor with 8‐cyclopentyl‐1, 3‐dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), adenosine A 1 receptor antagonist, abolished the inhibitory effect of 100nM adenosine. Stimulation of adenosine A 1 receptor did not decrease the activity of basolateral 50 pS K channels in the presence of the inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC), U‐73122 or the inhibitor of protein kinase‐C (PKC), Calphostin‐C, respectively. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase ( MAPK) inhibitors of PD98059 (ERK) or SB202190 (p38) increased the 50 pS K channel activity. PD98059 abolished the inhibitory effect of CHA. CHA decreased the 50 pS K channel activity in the presence of SB202190. These studies show that the inhibitory effect of 100nM adenosine on the basolateral 50 pS K channels, coupled adenosine A 1 receptor, is mediated by PLC‐PKC and MAPK (ERK) pathways in the thick ascending limb of the rat kidney. The work is supported by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation 30770800, 31071017 and 31171110.
Introduction Immune inflammatory response plays an important role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the cellular immune status of patients with COPD at different phases is unclear. Herein, we aim to investigate the distribution and functional status of T cell subsets in different phases of COPD (acute exacerbation of COPD [AECOPD] and stable COPD [SCOPD]). Methods This is an observational case-control study undertaken in West China Hospital. The distribution of T cell subsets in peripheral blood of AECOPD, SCOPD, and healthy controls (HCs) was measured using multi-color flow cytometry, and the functional status was analyzed by additional staining of activation markers. Results A total of 43 HCs, 43 SCOPD patients, and 64 AECOPD patients were evaluated. The total number and percentage of lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ T cells ratio were significantly lower in AECOPD patients when compared to HCs. HLA-DR expression in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD8+ TCR aβ, and CD4+ TCR aβ T cells was upregulated in the AECOPD group. Similarly, the expressions of HLA-DR, CD57, and PD-1 were higher in T cell subsets in the AECOPD group. Compared with the SCOPD and HC groups, the AECOPD had a significantly lower proportion of CD4+CD27+CD28+ T cells, but opposite results were found for CD4+CD27-CD28- T cells. In addition, the proportion of CD4+CD39+ T cells and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells was significantly higher in the AECOPD and SCOPD groups when compared to the HC group ( P < 0.05). Discussion The distribution of nearly half the T cell subsets in AECOPD patients was significantly different from that in SCOPD patients and HCs. AECOPD patients may have cellular immune suppression, immune dysfunction, abnormal activation, and higher senescence depletion of T cells.
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