A facile and efficient electrochemical oxidation method to directly activated carbon cloth as an excellent electrode material for supercapacitors is reported. Flexible asymmetric supercapacitor devices based on activated carbon cloth anodes reach a remarkable energy density and excellent long-term durability. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tianhuang Formula (THF) is a hospital formula summarized by Professor Jiao Guo's 30 years of clinical experience. Some studies have shown that it can alleviate dyslipidemia in the body. The purpose of this study is to confirm whether THF can improve non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD)/streptomycin (STZ) and to clarify its potential mechanism. After induction of diabetes, mice were administrated with THF (60 mg/kg or 120 mg/kg) once daily for 10 weeks. Blood glucose (FBG), glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance (IR) were assayed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). Blood lipids, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminases (AST) were detected. Serum fasting insulin (INS) and adiponectin (APN) levels were measured using ELISA. Histological changes in liver and pancreatic islets were observed by H&E staining, followed by Oil Red O staining for liver lipid quantification and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining to detect glycogen accumulation. Western blotting detected the levels of fatty cardiolipin synthase 1 (CRLS1), transcription factor activator 3 (ATF3), and carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) in the liver. The mRNA transcripts of hepatic inflammatory factors, lipogenesis and lipolysis-related genes, and gluconeogenic enzyme-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), CRLS1, ATF3, and ChREBP mRNA levels were evaluated by RT-qPCR. THF restored impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, respectively. There was an improvement in HFD/STZ-induced liver and islet damage, high serum HDL-C and ANP levels, and a significant decrease in FBG, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), FFA, INS, ALT, and AST, and lipid droplet counts in the T2DM mice treated with THF. CREBBP binding protein ATF3 mediated the insulin resistance signaling pathway, which regulated glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver. THF upregulated CRLS1, and ChREBP downregulated the expression of downstream ATF3 in the liver. RT-qPCR analysis also systemically indicated that THF suppressed the pathway and key regulators related to inflammation, lipid accumulation, and gluconeogenesis. Our findings demonstrated that THF ameliorated lipid profile and attenuated liver steatosis in T2DM mice through CRLS1-ATF3/ChREBP pathway activation.
The intestinal microbiota is associated with human health. The luminal microbiota (LM) and mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) are distinct ecosystems with different metabolic and immunological functions. Several studies have examined the correlations between the gut microbiota and clinical indices, but few have investigated the relationships between the microbiota and mucosal proteins. We characterized the intestinal LM and MAM in Chinese people and examined the association between these communities and the expression of mucosal proteins. Fresh fecal samples and distal colonic mucosal biopsies were collected from 32 subjects before (fecal) and during (mucosal) flexible sigmoidoscopy. We used high-throughput sequencing targeting the 16SrRNA gene V3–V4 region to analyze the samples and reverse transcription(RT)–PCR to detect the expression of colonic proteins BDNF, ZO1, TLR2, TLR4, AQP3, and AQP8. Differences in the stool and mucosal microbiota were identified and a correlation network analysis performed. The LM and MAM populations differed significantly. In LM, the microbiota composition correlated significantly positively with host age, and Firmicutes (phylum) correlated positively with body mass index (BMI), but inversely with ZO1.At the genus level, systemic indices, such as age, BMI, and BDNF, correlated predominantly with LM, whereas systemic and local indices, such as TLR2, correlated with both MAM and LM. ZO1 and TLR4 which usually exert a local effect, mainly correlated with MAM. Different bacteria were associated with the expression of different proteins. Our data suggest that The microbial compositions of LM and MAM differed. Different gut bacteria may play different roles by regulating the expression of different proteins.
Three-dimensional ordered zeolite template carbon (ZTC) with an impressive supercapacitor performance is prepared via a novel high isostatic pressure-assisted nanocasting method.
By analyzing several textbooks of social psychology,the paper concludes that the basic knowledge of social psychology should include four aspects:individual social psychology(socialization,self-awareness,social cognition,social motivation,social attitude),interpersonal interaction(interpersonal communication,interpersonal relationship,cooperation and competition,invasion and altruism),social influence(social encouragement,social inertia,conformity and subordination),and group psychology(group norms,group pressure,group cohesion,group leaderia,group decision,group personality).It is necessary to investigate the interrelations of the knowledge mentioned above,and thus establish a strict system,and socialization should work as the logical starting point of social psychology.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
The intestinal microbiota is associated with human health. The luminal microbiota (LM) and mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) are distinct ecosystems with different metabolic and immunological functions. Several studies have examined the correlations between the gut microbiota and clinical indices, but few have investigated the relationships between the microbiota and mucosal proteins. We characterized the intestinal LM and MAM in Chinese people and examined the association between these communities and the expression of mucosal proteins. Fresh fecal samples and distal colonic mucosal biopsies were collected from 32 subjects before (fecal) and during (mucosal) flexible sigmoidoscopy. We used high-throughput sequencing targeting the 16SrRNA gene V3–V4 region to analyze the samples and reverse transcription(RT)–PCR to detect the expression of colonic proteins BDNF, ZO1, TLR2, TLR4, AQP3, and AQP8. Differences in the stool and mucosal microbiota were identified and a correlation network analysis performed. The LM and MAM populations differed significantly. In LM, the microbiota composition correlated significantly positively with host age, and Firmicutes (phylum) correlated positively with body mass index (BMI), but inversely with ZO1.At the genus level, systemic indices, such as age, BMI, and BDNF, correlated predominantly with LM, whereas systemic and local indices, such as TLR2, correlated with both MAM and LM. ZO1 and TLR4 which usually exert a local effect, mainly correlated with MAM. Different bacteria were associated with the expression of different proteins. Our data suggest that The microbial compositions of LM and MAM differed. Different gut bacteria may play different roles by regulating the expression of different proteins.
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression profiling of circRNAs in ulcerative colitis(UC) and then determine the significantly changed circRNA and its influences on intestinal epithelial barrier. METHODS In this study, we selected 5 pairs of inflamed and normal colorectal mucosa tissues from UC patients to perform circRNAs microarray and identified the differentially expressed circRNAs in the UC inflamed colorectal mucosa tissues, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to identify the expression change of circ-SOD2 in 30 UC patients' inflamed and normal colorectal mucosa tissues. We detected the expression of circ-SOD2 in Caco2 and NCM460 cells after being treated with inflammatory factors (LPS, TNF-α, IL1-β). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to determine the cellular location of circ-SOD2 in the UC colorectal mucosal tissues. The circ-SOD2 overexpression vector was constructed and produced and then transfected into Caco2 cells to examine the cells' trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), permeability of FITC-dextran and the alterations of epithelial barrier related molecules. RESULTS We found 264 circRNAs (111 increased and 153 decreased) differentially expressed in the inflamed colon mucosa compared with normal colon mucosa using a P-value 1.5-fold change cutoff. To validate the circRNA microarray results, we selected some circRNAs to perform qRT-PCR based on the following criteria: (1) circRNAs raw data >100 in each sample, (2) fold-change >2, (3) P<0.05. We identified 10 dysregulated circRNA, among them, circ-SOD2 was upregulated with maximum fold-change in the UC inflamed colorectal mucosa tissues. Then we identified circ-SOD2 was upregulated significantly through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in expanded 30 paired colorectal mucosa tissues(P<0.001). After treatments with LPS, TNF-α and IL1-β, circ-SOD2 was upregulated in Caco2 and NCM460 cells at different points from 1 to 7 h. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated that circ-SOD2 located in intestinal epithelium mostly and few in mesenchyme and inflammatory cells. The overexpression of circ-SOD2 in Caco2 cells resulted in a decrease of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), an increase of the FITC-dextran permeability and the downregulation of epithelial barrier related molecule CLDN-8 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The dysregulation of circRNAs existed in UC inflamed colorectal mucosa, among which, the upregulated circ-SOD2 weakened the intestinal epithelial barrier and thus might promote the occurrence of ulcerative colitis.
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