Slurry Nebulization-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry with Solution Calibration for Determination of Ultratrace Boron in High Pure Nuclear Graphite Powder
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For further study on leaf boron forms of rape (Brassica napus L.) with different boron efficient at flowering stage, two boron efficient (9589,9590), two boron inefficient rape cultivars (9141,95105) and their four F 1 hybrid (95105×9589, 95105×9590, 9141×9589, 9141×9590) were used in this pot experiment. The results showed that the water soluble boron(S B) content and bound boron(B B) content in boron efficient cultivars was lower, while the semi bound boron(SB B)content was higher, on the contrary, in the boron inefficient cultivars, and the results in F 1 hybrid were just between that in boron efficient cultivars and in boron inefficient cultivars. A balance of boron forms was established, which showed boron forms had a close relation with boron efficiency, and it may uncover the physiological mechanism of boron efficiency.
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The slurry working principle,slurry treatment technology,slurry treatment process and the comprehensive information management systems of slurry balanced shield machines are presented and the index control principle for slurries in different ground is recommended in the paper.
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The main purpose of this study was to regenerate the used oxide slurry using filters. The solid content in regenerated slurry was controlled by ultra fine (UF) filtration that extracts only the solution from diluted slurry. Reverse osmosis (RO) filtration was adapted to recover chemicals added in the original slurry formulation by rejecting pure deionized (DI) water from slurry solutions collected by UF filtration. The specific gravity, conductivity, and pH were adjusted by the filtration and addition of KOH in the regenerated slurry. The new slurry was intentionally added into the regenerated slurry to reduce the process time and increase the lifetime of used slurry. The same removal rate of tefraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) oxide was observed when chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) was performed using the regenerated oxide slurry. The particles size of the regenerated slurry was smaller than that of the original slurry. No microscratches were observed in the wafer polished by the regenerated slurry. Also, the defect densities of polished oxides were decreased after polishing with the regenerated slurry.
Chemical Mechanical Planarization
Filtration (mathematics)
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In this study, slurry availability and the extent of the slurry mixing (i.e., among fresh slurry, spent slurry, and residual rinse-water) were varied via three different injection schemes. An ultraviolet enhanced fluorescence technique was employed to qualitatively indicate slurry availability and its flow on the pad during polishing. This study investigated standard pad center area slurry application and a slurry injection system (SIS) that covered only the outer half of the wafer track. Results indicated that the radial position of slurry injection and the alteration of fluid mechanics by the SIS played important roles in slurry mixing characteristics and availability atop the pad. Removal rates were found to decrease with slurry availability, while a higher degree of slurry mixing decreased the fraction of fresh slurry and consequently lowered the removal rate. By using a hybrid system (i.e., a combination of slurry injection via SIS and standard pad center slurry application), the polishing process benefited from higher slurry availability and higher fraction of fresh slurry than the conventional pad center slurry application and the shorter SIS, individually. This work underscores the importance of optimum slurry injection geometry and flow for obtaining a more cost-effective and environmentally benign chemical mechanical planarization process.
Chemical Mechanical Planarization
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A large amount of neutral dreg slurry were produced because of dealing with the acidic wastewater in Suichang gold mine,and these slurries pose a threat to environment and the safety of tailings dam.In order to solve the problem of neutral dreg slurry disposal,the feasibility of utilizing the neutral dreg slurry in the back-filling process is studied.The study results show whatever the neutral dreg slurry is used for dilution water or filling water,the concentration of the neutral dreg slurry should be less than 4%,and all neutral dreg slurries can be utilized when the neutral dreg slurry is used for filling water.
Dilution
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Abstract Boron is an important element, used in applications from superhard materials to superconductors. Boron exists in several forms (allotropes) and, surprisingly, it was not known which form (α or β) is stable at ambient conditions. Through experiment, we quantify the relative stability of α‐boron and β‐boron as a function of temperature. The ground‐state energies of α‐boron and β‐boron are nearly identical. For all temperatures up to 2000 K, the complicated β‐boron structure is more stable than the simpler α‐boron structure at ambient pressure. Below 1000 K, β‐boron is entropically stabilized with respect to α‐boron owing to its partially occupied sites, whereas at higher temperatures β‐boron is enthalpically stabilized with respect to α‐boron. We show that α‐boron only becomes stable on application of pressure.
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Abstract Boron is an important element, used in applications from superhard materials to superconductors. Boron exists in several forms (allotropes) and, surprisingly, it was not known which form (α or β) is stable at ambient conditions. Through experiment, we quantify the relative stability of α‐boron and β‐boron as a function of temperature. The ground‐state energies of α‐boron and β‐boron are nearly identical. For all temperatures up to 2000 K, the complicated β‐boron structure is more stable than the simpler α‐boron structure at ambient pressure. Below 1000 K, β‐boron is entropically stabilized with respect to α‐boron owing to its partially occupied sites, whereas at higher temperatures β‐boron is enthalpically stabilized with respect to α‐boron. We show that α‐boron only becomes stable on application of pressure.
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A study was set up to investigate the environmental effects of anaerobic digestion and separa-tion of slurry. Volatilisation of odour and ammonia from treated and untreated slurry were compared both during storage and following land application. It was found that ammonia volatilisation was higher from uncovered stores of anaerobically digested and separated slurry than from untreated slurry, however, when slurry stores were covered efficiently, the loss rate was low and equal for treated and untreated slurry. Ammonia volatilisation following land application was found to be lower from both anaerobically digested and separated slurry compared to untreated slurry. Treatment of slurry by anaerobic digestion and separation did not reduce odour nuisances during storage, however, odour nuisance from slurry stores was found to be efficiently reduced by an artificial crust cover of the slurry stores. During land application the odour nuisances were found to be lower for anaerobically digested and separated slurry than for untreated slurry
Volatilisation
Digestion
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