This research introduces a noval method to detect chlorpyrifos (CLP) using a gold electrode coated with a graphene oxide–cerium oxide (GO–CeO 2 ) nanocomposite in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution.
This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and assessment of the synergistic effect of 2,2,6,6, tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO)-coated titanium dioxide nanorods (TiO
Stripe rust (SR) caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss (Pst) is one of the most important and destructive disease of wheat worldwide. In Pakistan, stipe rust appeared as epidemic and is causing huge losses to wheat production. However, wheat breeding programs are not sufficiently advanced to cope with the recently emerged Puccinia striiformis strains. Under this scenario, current research was carried out for safe, effective and sustainable management of stripe rust of wheat. Seven wheat varieties include Sehar-06, Galaxy-13, Abdul Sattar-02, Faisalabad-08, Johar-16, TD-1 and Ujala-16 were planted at research farm of Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan during November 2019–20 and 2020–21 to determine their response toward Puccinia striiformis. The fungicide Tilt®, propiconazole, (T2) at the rate of 3 mL per 1500 mL water was used while the Bacillus subtilis (T1) was added at rate of 0.25 mL/1500 mL water with 15 g of dextrose, 0.25 g of chitosan and 0.25 g of salicylic acid in 1500 mL water to make a fine suspension. Our results showed that T1 reduced the disease effectively up to (8.18%) followed by T2 (10.7%) as compared to T0 (23.8%). The correlation between minimum air temperature, relative humidity and disease severity was highly significant while with maximum air temperature it was negatively non-significant. Also, wind speed, solar radiation and rainfall showed non-significant correlation with disease severity. After treatment, application of T1 and T2, minimum air temperature expressed a significant correlation with disease severity on varieties Sehar-2006, Galaxy-13 and Abdul Sattar-02 while non-significant correlation with disease severity on varieties Faisalabad-08, Johar-16, TD-1 and Ujala-16. Similarly, maximum air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation showed non-significant correlation with disease severity while rain fall was negatively non-significant. The current study showed that Bacillus subtilis is an ecofriendly management of stripe rust and its combination with plant defense activators enhance the efficacy and suppress disease. This management strategy is an innovative, and the results obtained will be helpful for better, ecofriendly and effective management of disease.
The effects of photosensitizer concentration on singlet oxygen mediated photobleaching have been investigated in keratinocytes. Cells with different photosensitizer concentration were identified on the basis of the fluorescence signal amplitude and their fluorescence decay was then studied to see if there was a correlation with concentration. The experimental results show that the photobleaching was more rapid at higher concentration than at lower concentration, indicating that singlet oxygen plays a vital role in the rapid m-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC) induced fluorescence photobleaching, causing the sensitizer to degrade.
Objectives: This study is aimed to synthesis and evaluate PEGylated Eu enabled spherical alumina submicron particles (s-Al 2 O 3 :Eu) for potential theranostic applications.Methods: This study is bisected into two parts, a) synthesis of PEGylated Eu enabled spherical alumina submicron particles (s-Al 2 O 3 :Eu), and b) characterization of the synthesized particles to determine their efficacy for potential theranostic applications.The synthesis of the particles involved the following steps.In the first step, s-Al 2 O 3 :Eu is synthesized using solvothermal synthesis.In the next step, the particles undergo post synthesis water-ethanol treatment and calcination.The surface of the synthesized s-Al 2 O 3 :Eu particles is then coated by PEG to increase its biocompatibility.Once the particles are prepared, they are characterized using different techniques.The microstructure, composition and structure of the particles is characterized using SEM, EDX and XRD techniques.The detection of the functional groups is done using FTIR analysis.The photoluminescence emission spectrum of s-Al 2 O 3 :Eu is studied using Photoluminescence spectroscopy.And, finally, the biocompatibility is studied using MTT assay on RD cell lines.Results: The microstructure analysis, from the micrographs obtained from SEM, shows that the spherical alumina particles have a submicron size with narrow size distribution.The compositional analysis, as per EDX, confirms the presence of Oxygen, Aluminum and Europium in the particles.While, XRD analysis of s-Al 2 O 3 :Eu confirms the formation of alpha alumina phase after calcination at 700 °C.Emission peaks, obtained by Photoluminescence emission spectroscopy, show that the optimum emission intensities correspond to the transition from 5 D 0 to 7 F j orbital of Eu +3 .FTIR analysis confirms the successful coating of PEG.Finally, a cell viability of more than 86% is observed when the biocompatibility of the particles is studied, using MTT assay on RD cell lines.
On page 2168, Fig. 3 should be replaced by and the caption of Fig. 3 should read (a) Morphology of con trolled Rhybdomyosarcoma cells (RD), (b) magnified image of Rhybdomyosarcoma cells (RD), and (c) micro injection model of femtotip capillary.
Graphene oxide (GO)-NPs possess excellent physicochemical and biological properties and could have prominent antimicrobial activities. We used solution-based Hummer's method to synthesize pure, CA coated and PEG coated GO-NPs and the XRD revealed hexagonal lattice structure and the crystallite size of pure and coated GO-NPs calculated in the range of 7–16 nm. In addition, a spongy like surface in pure GO-NPs and randomly crumpled like surface by using the CA and PEG coating agents was also identified and SEM images irregular, non-uniform and rod shape morphology of the graphite powder. The GO in the UV region and the band gap decreased from 2.30 to 2.03 eV while different modes (CC and CO) on the surface of pure and coated GO-NPs were evident as indicated by Raman spectra. Finally, in-vitro antimicrobial activity was assessed against two-gram negative bacterial strains viz. A. hydrophilaand E. coli and one fungal stain F. avenaceum at 10 and 20 mg/mL concentrations. Our results indicated enhancement in the inhibition zones of pure GO-NPs from 8 to 17 mm, PEG coated GO-NPs from 8 to 20 mm and CA coated GO-NPs from 8 to 17 mm respectively. Overall the PEG coated GO-NPs had prominent antimicrobial activities and we recommend application of polymer coated GO-NPs for wound healing process.
Pure and copper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn1−xCuxO) of different concentrations (x = 0.0, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.09 wt%) were synthesized by using co precipitation method. During the next phase, effect of Cu concentration on structural, electrical and optical properties of ZnO-NPs were investigated with the multiple techniques like XRD, UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR, and two probe methods. The XRD analysis confirmed hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure having crystallite sizes ranging between 18.3 and 24.2 nm. Rotational and vibration mode of different functional groups (OH, CH, C = O and ZnO) were calculated using FTIR spectra. Moreover, the UV visible spectroscopy identified a band gap (3.10–2.30 eV) of pure and Cu doped ZnO-NPs. Finally, electrical properties like conductivity was increased and whereas, the resistivity decreased with increasing Cu dopant concentrations. Overall, addition of Cu as doping agent improved the structural, optical and electrical properties ZnO-NPs and could enable multiple further potential applications like solar cell, energy storage and other optoelectronic devices.
'/%3e%3cpath fill='%23fff' d='m8.751-17.959 10.11 11.373L3.997-9.844l13.94-6.1-7.692 13.129z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)