Pegylated Eu-enabled submicron alumina spheres as potential theranostics agent RD cell line as model
Numrah SultanSyed Mujtaba ul HassanAhmat KhurshidM. Fakhar-e-AlamFaisal ShahzadAttaullah ShahM. AtifShafiq AhmadMuhammad Tamoor Masood
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Objectives: This study is aimed to synthesis and evaluate PEGylated Eu enabled spherical alumina submicron particles (s-Al 2 O 3 :Eu) for potential theranostic applications.Methods: This study is bisected into two parts, a) synthesis of PEGylated Eu enabled spherical alumina submicron particles (s-Al 2 O 3 :Eu), and b) characterization of the synthesized particles to determine their efficacy for potential theranostic applications.The synthesis of the particles involved the following steps.In the first step, s-Al 2 O 3 :Eu is synthesized using solvothermal synthesis.In the next step, the particles undergo post synthesis water-ethanol treatment and calcination.The surface of the synthesized s-Al 2 O 3 :Eu particles is then coated by PEG to increase its biocompatibility.Once the particles are prepared, they are characterized using different techniques.The microstructure, composition and structure of the particles is characterized using SEM, EDX and XRD techniques.The detection of the functional groups is done using FTIR analysis.The photoluminescence emission spectrum of s-Al 2 O 3 :Eu is studied using Photoluminescence spectroscopy.And, finally, the biocompatibility is studied using MTT assay on RD cell lines.Results: The microstructure analysis, from the micrographs obtained from SEM, shows that the spherical alumina particles have a submicron size with narrow size distribution.The compositional analysis, as per EDX, confirms the presence of Oxygen, Aluminum and Europium in the particles.While, XRD analysis of s-Al 2 O 3 :Eu confirms the formation of alpha alumina phase after calcination at 700 °C.Emission peaks, obtained by Photoluminescence emission spectroscopy, show that the optimum emission intensities correspond to the transition from 5 D 0 to 7 F j orbital of Eu +3 .FTIR analysis confirms the successful coating of PEG.Finally, a cell viability of more than 86% is observed when the biocompatibility of the particles is studied, using MTT assay on RD cell lines.Keywords:
Biocompatibility
Europium
Solvothermal synthesis
To get CaTiO3catalyst with high photocatalytic properties,the effect of calcination conditions,on the photocatalytic activity of CaTiO3 was investigated.The calcination conditions included heating rate of calcination precursors,calcination temperature,calcination time and cooling rate of calcination products,The catalyst was synthesized by solid-state reaction method with Ca(NO3)2and TiO(OH)2as raw materials and NaOH as mineralizer.The physical properties of the catalyst were characterized using XRD and SEM.The experimental results showed that the activity increased until reached a maximum,and then decreased with the increasing heating rate of calcination precursors;the photocatalytic activity decreased drastically with the fast cooling rate of calcination products.Moreover,the optimal values of calcination temperature and calcination time were obtained.As a result,the CaTiO3catalysts with high photocatalytic activity can be obtained under an optimized calcination conditions after loading CoO(0.2 wt%)co-catalyst.
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Two new europium (III) complexes luminescent materials, Eu-PDA and Eu-PDA-Phen, were prepared by the reaction of Eu(NO3)3·6H2O with 2, 3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid (PDA) and 1,10-phenanthroline, respectively. The luminescent properties of two europium (III) complexes in solid and in organic solvents have been studied. The effect of organic solvents and metal ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) on the luminescent intensity of the Eu (III) complexes have also been investigated. The results show that the metal ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) could enhance the luminescent intensity of Eu-PDA-Phen complex and reduce luminescent intensity of Eu-PDA complex. The polarity of organic solvents is an important factor on the luminescent intensity of two complexes.
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The europium-151 Mossbauer spectra of the Eu(14)MnP(11), Eu(14)MnAs(11), and Eu(14)MnSb(11) Zintl compounds, measured between 4.2 and 100 K, reveal europium(II) for all four crystallographically inequivalent europium sites in Eu(14)MnAs(11) and Eu(14)MnSb(11) and europium(II) and europium(III) for the three 32g and the 16f europium sites in Eu(14)MnP(11), respectively. Below the ordering temperatures of 52, 74, and 92 K, only very small hyperfine fields of 2-4 T are observed at the europium sites as a result of the polarization by the manganese magnetic moments. At 4.2 K, the europium(II) magnetic moments are ordered, and hyperfine fields of 24.4, 24.8, and 19.3 T are observed in Eu(14)MnP(11), Eu(14)MnAs(11), and Eu(14)MnSb(11), respectively, fields that are typical for magnetically ordered europium(II) ions. At 4.2 K the 16f europium(III) sites in Eu(14)MnP(11) experience a transferred hyperfine field of 33 T from the neighboring ordered europium(II) moments. Between its Curie temperature and 4.2 K, the europium-151 Mossbauer spectra of Eu(14)MnSb(11) reveal that the europium(II) moments order below ca. 13 K, i.e., below the second magnetic transition observed in magnetic measurements. Between their Curie temperatures and 4.2 K, the europium-151 Mossbauer spectra of Eu(14)MnP(11) and Eu(14)MnAs(11) are complex and have been analyzed with two models, models that give equivalently good fits. However, the second model in which the spectra are fit with a three-dimensional relaxation of the europium(II) and europium(III) hyperfine fields is preferred for its physical meaning and its reduced number of fitted parameters.
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We calcined six kinds of limestone from various localities up to 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300 and 1400°C with or without NaCl, and observed the growth of CaO crystals in their thin sections. The CaO crystals occurring in the specimens calcined with NaCl are, as usual, better grown than those without NaCl, and it is more evident at lower temperature calcination. In the case of higher temperature calcination, the formers are hardly over-burnt.With regard to the limestones, those of cryptcrystalline make finer CaO crystals. Especially it is evident at higher temperature calcination. This may show to have larger range for optimum calcination, that is easy to work with.
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Abstract Employing a standard protocol for the preparation of a trisbenzoylacetonato europium(III) complex with 4‐bromo benzoylacetone 2 as ligand, a new europium species was synthesized and characterized. The X‐ray crystal structure analysis revealed a new europium cluster consisting of six europiumcentres.
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