PURPOSE: Anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) is a common knee ligament injury that occurs in sports. The precise etiology of ACLR remains unknown. Previous studies in various ethnic groups have confirmed an association between genetic variants and ACLR; however, no such research has been conducted in Koreans. This study aimed to investigate whether certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely COL3A1 rs1800255, COL5A1 rs12722, COL12A1 rs970547, and COL5A1 rs13946, are associated with ACLR in the Korean population.METHODS: This study involved 60 ACLR patients (ACL group, average age 29.9±10.9 years) and 328 control subjects (CON group, average age 23.8±4.1 years). All the participants were genotyped for COL3A1 rs1800255, COL5A1 rs12722, COL12A1 rs970547, and COL5A1 rs13946.RESULTS: No significant genotypic differences were found for COL3A1 rs1800255 (<i>p</i>=.565), COL5A1 rs12722 (<i>p</i>=.779), COL12A1 rs970547 (<i>p</i>=.193), or COL5A1 rs13946 (<i>p</i>=.356). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between the homozygous and dominant models for each SNP or between the haplotypes of COL5A1 rs12722 and rs13946 (<i>p</i>=.118). However, a significant association with ACLR was observed for the genotype combinations COL3A1 rs1800255 and COL5A1 rs12722 (<i>p</i>=.02).CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that specific genotypes (SNPs) COL3A1 rs1800255 and COL5A1 rs12722 may influence the occurrence of ACLR. Considering the results and limitations of this study, future research should focus on increasing the sample size, particularly by including both male and female patients of diverse ages, to further validate these findings.
Insulin resistance as a hallmark of type 2 DM (T2DM) plays a role in dementia by promoting pathological lesions or enhancing the vulnerability of the brain. Numerous studies related to insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling are linked with various types of dementia. Brain insulin resistance in dementia is linked to disturbances in Aβ production and clearance, Tau hyperphosphorylation, microglial activation causing increased neuroinflammation, and the breakdown of tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These mechanisms have been studied primarily in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but research on other forms of dementia like vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has also explored overlapping mechanisms. Researchers are currently trying to repurpose anti-diabetic drugs to treat dementia, which are dominated by insulin sensitizers and insulin substrates. Although it seems promising and feasible, none of the trials have succeeded in ameliorating cognitive decline in late-onset dementia. We highlight the possibility of repositioning anti-diabetic drugs as a strategy for dementia therapy by reflecting on current and previous clinical trials. We also describe the molecular perspectives of various types of dementia through the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway.
PURPOSE To assess the agreement between maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) measured directly when performing the maximal graded exercise test (GXT) and estimated VO2max from two different equations in Korean male and female youths aged 13-18 years. METHODS Sixty-six adolescents (15.3±1.7 years, 166.0±7.8 cm, 58. 7±10.0 kg, BMI 21.2±2.7) performed GXT on a treadmill and Astrand-Ryhming step test (AR test) to measure VO2max and VO2max estimates, respectively. The participants wore a portable device (Polar CS300) to measure heart rate (HR) during the tests. RESULTS Correlation coefficients (r) between VO2max of the equations and VO2max of the measured value were 0.321 (p<0.05) and 0.713 (P<0.01), respectively. The mean difference ranged from -0.234 mL·kg-1 ·min-1 to -3.63 mL·kg-1 ·min-1. The AR equation tended to be somewhat underestimated measured VO2max. The standard error of the estimate (SEE) ranged from 4.95 mL·kg-1 ·min-1 to 7.60 mL·kg-1 ·min-1, and the percentage error (%Error) ranged from 26.6% to 193.7%. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the equation provides the closet agreement with directly measured VO2max in Korean male and female youths aged 13-18 years. A further study needs to develop a step test estimation equation targeting adults and elderly people in which validity and reliability are secured. 색인어: 최대산소섭취량, 추정식, 스텝테스트, 타당도, 청소년 Keywords: VO2max, Equation, Step test, Validity, Youths
Many investigators have screened drugs and foods for the enhancement of endurance capacity and antifatigue. Mistletoe, a semiparasitic plant on various deciduous trees, has many known biological activities, including anticancer, anti-diabetes, antioxidant, and anti-cardiovascular disease effects. In a previous study, Korean mistletoe extract (KME) was reported to increase endurance capacity in mice. However, whether the administration of KME further enhances exercise performance, when combined with exercise training, was not investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that the administration of KME decreases the level of plasma lactate dehydrogenase, parameter of tissue damage and muscle fatigue when combined with exercise training. Exercise training increases the muscular glycogen and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level, and KME administration in sedentary mouse group increases the plasma FFA level, indicating that KME administration alters the energy resources in muscle. In addition, KME administration enhances the exercise performance in sedentary mouse group, but did not further enhance exercise performance when combined with exercise training, suggesting that KME could be an excellent mimetic of exercise.
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