The reliability of lumbar intraspinal epidural pressure (ISEDP) as an index of intracranial pressure was investigated in seven patients with high intracranial pressure following neurosurgery. ISEDP and intracranial epidural pressure (ICEDP) were measured simultaneously, the latter by the conventional method. ISEDP was measured with a Gaeltec catheter-tip pressure transducer placed percutaneously in the lumbar epidural space via Touhy's needle. In five of seven patients, the ISEDP value was consistently 70 to 100% of the ICEDP value. In all patients, ISEDP always fluctuated in parallel with ICEDP, and the time courses of both were quite similar in response not only to normal cardiac pulsation but also to various manipulations, such as neck compression, coughing, breath holding, mannitol administration, and compression at the cranial defect. In one patient with communicating hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage, the relationship between ISEDP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was studied. Upon gradual withdrawal of CSF, ISEDP decreased in parallel with CSF pressure until the latter reached 8 mmHg. Below 8 mmHg CSF pressure, ISEDP did not correlate with CSF pressure. This phenomenon was attributed to slackness of the dural sac due to lowering of CSF pressure, which severed contact between the spinal dural theca and the sensor. Although the discrepancy between ISEDP and ICEDP was prominent in some patients, especially those with low intracranial pressure or blockage of the subarachnoid space, in this study ISEDP reliably reflected ICEDP. The results suggest that ISEDP measurement is useful in monitoring intracranial pressure in patients with increased intracranial pressure. Also, the procedure is simple and relatively noninvasive.
A taxonomic study was carried out to clarify the status of a Gram-negative, heterotrophic mesophile that was isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai . The strain, designated HOact23 T , was a non-motile, rod-shaped (0.44–0.53×0.65–0.79 μm) bacterium. The strain produced squalene and a red–pink carotenoid pigment. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso -diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 52.4 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C 14 : 0 (43.1 %), iso-C 16 : 0 (20.6 %) and anteiso-C 15 : 0 (18.1 %), and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9 (90.8 %). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data, the strain formed a distinct group within subdivision 1 in the phylum ‘ Verrucomicrobia ’. It showed a range of phenotypic properties that distinguished it from its closest relative, Rubritalea marina Pol012 T (94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidence, it was concluded that strain HOact23 T should be classified within a novel species in the genus Rubritalea . The name proposed for the taxon is Rubritalea squalenifaciens sp. nov., with the type strain HOact23 T (=MBIC08254 T =DSM 18772 T ).
Abstract Li.mi.bac'ter. L. masc. n. limus , mud; N.L. masc. n. bacter (equivalent of Gr. neut. n. baktron ) rod or staff; N.L masc. n. Limibacter , rod from mud, referring to the isolation source of the first strain. Bacteroidota / Flavobacteria / Flavobacteriales / Flammeovirgaceae / Limibacter The genus Limibacter accommodates strictly aerobic, Gram‐negative, gliding, apricot‐ to pale‐orange‐pigmented, rod‐shaped bacteria, which were isolated from marine sediments. Members of this genus are mesophilic heterotrophs, which require NaCl for growth. The major menaquinone is MK‐7. The major fatty acids are iso‐C 15:0 and C 16:1 ω7 c . The genus includes one species, Limibacter armeniacum . Known habitats are marine sediments. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 27.8–27.9 (HPLC). Type species : Limibacter armeniacum Yoon et al. 2008 VP .
Six (6) hot springs strains and two (2) Synechococcus strains from Universitas Indonesia have been observed to determine the maximum growth temperature of those strains. The strains were as follows: HS-1 (CIS001), HS-7 (CIS007), HS-8 (RDB001), HS-9 (RDB002), HS-13 (RDB006), HS-18 (PAN005), UI-56 (6_Ag7air) and UI-57 (9_Ag9air) strains. The eight strains were isolated from three (3) hot springs in West Java (Ciseeng, Rawa Danau Banten, and Pancar Mountain) and one (1) small lake in Universitas Indonesia (Agathis). The water temperature of habitats were ranges at 36-43 °C (Ciseeng), 35-50 °C (Rawa Danau Banten), 46-69 °C (Pancar Mountain), and 27-29 °C (Agathis small lake). Incubation temperature were 23±1 °C (A), 30±1 °C (B), 35 °C (C), and 50 °C (D), while the observed parameters were cell density during growing and chlorophyll content. Observations were conducted over a period of 42 days. The results showed that all of Synechococcus strains experienced growth phases, i.e. the adaptation (lag) phase, exponential (log) phase, stationary phase, and death phase. The average of cell density of Synechococcus strains decreased at T0-T1 and started to increase at T2 and T3. The highest cell density on the growth curve was found at around 14 days (T14) days for the temperatures of 20 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C, while it was found at around 35 days (T35) for the temperature of the 50 °C. The highest chlorophyll content acquired during studies was differed from each strain. Overall the highest chlorophyll content occurred at the treatment temperature of 20 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C, and the lowest occurred at the treatment temperature of 50 °C. However, exception was observed on HS-1 (CIS001) strain grown at a temperature of 50 °C which experienced the highest levels of chlorophyll content at T42. The maximum growth temperature of Synechococcus strains were observed at temperatures between 30 °C and 35 °C.
Device differs from regular suction dredges in a special suction-head attached to the forward end of a suction pipe joined to a sand pump, in a venture-type detector of concentration in the suction pipe, and in the mechanism of automatic control for concentration. A body finding a shape in which circumferences of two circular cones (or convex surfaces) stick together mutually is fixed in the inside of a conical suction pipe, with keeping the suitable space between the body and the conical suction pipe, and a mouth is at the center of the convex bottom surface of the body. In the suction-head, the convex bottom comes in contact with a sand bed. When pressurized water is poured through the mouth into the sand bed, the sand bed of some thickness under the suction-head causes phenomenon of quick sand, and the suction-head may suck up sand of quick sand state. As a result, the suction-head goes down due to its weight, and may suck up sand falling down about circumference of the suction-head. When flow of the pressurized water stops in the suction, the suction-head also stops going down into the sand bed, and sucking up sand. The automatic control for concentration in pipe in pumping up sand-water mixture from the sand bed is done by on-off operation of the flow of the pressurized water, and upward and downward movements of the suction-head in a vertical line, which are controlled by signal of concentration in pipe being out-put of concentration meter. Theory of operation, static characteristics, and dynamic characteristics of the dredging of loose and thick sand bed by means of the suction dredge are discussed. The tests of the laboratory model of the suction dredge built as a trial show that automatic control for concentration in pipe is done successfully.
