The current research examined whether the perception of evil intentions by the conspirators influences conspiracy beliefs. Study 1 manipulated texts describing the death of convicted sex offender Jeffry Epstein to be either low or high in conspiratorial information. Studies 2 and 3 manipulated texts describing a fictional country’s election to be either low or high in conflict. The studies revealed that the conspiratorial/conflictual texts increased evil perceptions and conspiracy beliefs. Moreover, they revealed that perceptions of evil mediated the effect of the text condition on conspiracy beliefs. Although the studies found that the conspiratorial/conflictual texts increased entertainment value appraisals, they did not find evidence of entertainment value mediating the effect of text condition on conspiracy beliefs. These latter results do not replicate those of van Prooijen et al. (2022). The novel results with evil perceptions suggest that perceiving that the conspirators acted with evil intentions may increase conspiracy beliefs.
Abstract Objective The current research comprehensively examined how grandiose and vulnerable narcissism are linked to intelligence and intelligence‐related beliefs and emotions. Method In four studies (total N = 1,141), we tested the associations between both forms of narcissism, subjectively and objectively assessed intelligence, basic personality traits, test‐related stress, beliefs about intelligence, and well‐being. Results Both forms of narcissism (grandiose and vulnerable) were unrelated to objective intelligence. Grandiose narcissism was associated with high self‐perceived intelligence (Studies 1–3) and explained more variance in self‐perceived intelligence than objective intelligence and the Big Five personality traits. It was correlated with reduced distress in the context of IQ testing and low engagement in cognitive performance (Study 2). Individuals with high grandiose narcissism based their well‐being (Study 3) partly on intelligence and considered intelligence important for success in different life domains, especially for social relations (Study 4). Vulnerable narcissism was unrelated to self‐perceived intelligence (Studies 1–3) and went along with increased distress in the context of IQ testing (Study 2). Conclusions The results indicate that the topic of intelligence is of key importance for people with high grandiose narcissism psychological functioning and it also has some relevance for individuals with high vulnerable narcissism.
We examined the association between two types of narcissism, grandiose and vulnerable, and self-reported as well as ability emotional intelligence (EI). Grandiose narcissism is characterized by high self-esteem, interpersonal dominance and a tendency to overestimate one's capabilities, whereas vulnerable narcissism presents defensive, avoidant and hypersensitive attitude in interpersonal relations. In the current study (n = 249) we found that vulnerable narcissism was significantly and negatively associated with trait (self-reported) EI; however, it did not correlate with ability (performance) EI. Grandiose narcissism was significantly positively connected with trait EI. Moreover, when the two EI scores were analyzed together in a single model, they were associated with grandiose narcissism in opposite directions. Specifically, trait EI showed a positive relation with grandiose narcissism, while ability EI negatively predicted this type of narcissism. The latter results are consistent with previous findings showing that individuals with high level of grandiose narcissism tend to overestimate their abilities. Vulnerable narcissism is probably connected with more realistic self-perception of emotional abilities.
An increasing interest in the construct of time perspective (TP), describing dispositional tendencies to use, and overuse particular time horizons, is observed in psychological research literature. Additionally, it has been suggested that people can develop Balanced Time Perspective (BTP). The term BTP refers to the ability to switch effectively between temporal horizons in response to situational and environmental demands. Among various methods assessing BTP, one has gained particularly high attention of researchers, namely Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective (DBTP). It depicts a deviation from an optimal temporal profile, and has been shown to be a robust predictor of multiple real-life outcomes and psychological variables. In the present article, we provide a systematic review of the empirical literature reporting relationships between DBTP and psychological variables. Our review shows that the findings refer to a number of psychological phenomena, including well-being, mental health, personality, cognitive functioning, self-control, interpersonal relations, as well as biological features and demographic variables. In the discussion, we conclude that, in the light of the reviewed research applying DBTP, BTP appears to be an important mechanism of adaptation, with particularly pronounced effects on well-being. We also highlight potential pathways for future research on the phenomenon of temporal balance.
Anger is often associated with approach motivation, and most self-report scales measuring trait anger tap this approach-orientation.However, some research has suggested that individuals occasionally experience anger and respond with avoidance motivation.This suggests that individuals may differ in chronic tendencies toward responding to anger with avoidance.The current research introduces a new self-report instrument, the Avoidance Motivated Response to Anger Scale (AMRAS), designed to assess this trait.We report findings of four studies conducted with American and Polish individuals.The studies provide evidence of the scale`s internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity.
'/%3e%3c/defs%3e%3cpath fill='%23012169' d='M0 0h10080v5040H0z'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='.6' d='m0 0 6 3m0-3L0 3' clip-path='url(%23b)' transform='scale(840)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23e4002b' stroke-width='.4' d='m0 0 6 3m0-3L0 3' clip-path='url(%23c)' transform='scale(840)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='840' d='M2520 0v2520M0 1260h5040'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23e4002b' stroke-width='504' d='M2520 0v2520M0 1260h5040'/%3e%3cg fill='%23fff'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' x='2520' y='3780'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' x='7560' y='4200'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' x='6300' y='2205'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' x='7560' y='840'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' x='8680' y='1869'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23e' x='8064' y='2730'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
