Measuring avoidance-related trait anger: American and Polish versions of the Avoidance Motivated Response to Anger Scale (AMRAS).
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Abstract:
Anger is often associated with approach motivation, and most self-report scales measuring trait anger tap this approach-orientation.However, some research has suggested that individuals occasionally experience anger and respond with avoidance motivation.This suggests that individuals may differ in chronic tendencies toward responding to anger with avoidance.The current research introduces a new self-report instrument, the Avoidance Motivated Response to Anger Scale (AMRAS), designed to assess this trait.We report findings of four studies conducted with American and Polish individuals.The studies provide evidence of the scale`s internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity.Keywords:
Trait
The aim of this research was to explore relationships between driving anger, general anger and anger-provoking situations with intensity and duration of the anger, using self-reported measures. Throughout five days driving, thirty seven young drivers filled in a driving log after each travel that they accomplished. Positive correlations were observed on the one hand between driving anger, anger intensity and anger duration on the other hand between general anger and number of anger-provoking situations reported. Over all, these young drivers reported to encounter one anger-provoking situation every 60 kilometers and as well felt anger with middle intensity and during short time period. They were most angered by situations wherein their progress was impeded by a road user. Compared to low anger drivers, high anger drivers reported to encounter more anger-provoking situations and felt anger with higher intensity and longer even if they drove approximately the same kilometres number. Implications for driver interventions were examined.
RAGE
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Strengths and weaknesses
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Objective To assess the relationship between states of anger and stroke. Methods Systematic review of the literature. Results In total, 21 papers were selected for the systematic review of data published on the subject of anger and stroke. A state of anger may be a risk factor for stroke, as well as a consequence of brain lesions affecting specific areas that are caused by a stroke. Scales to assess anger varied among authors. There was no consensus regarding the area of brain lesions that might lead to a state of anger. Although some authors agreed that lesions on the right side led to angrier behaviour, others found that lesions on the left side were more relevant to anger. Likewise, there was no consensus regarding the prevalence of anger pre or post-stroke. Some authors did not even find that these two conditions were related. Conclusion Although most authors have accepted that there is a relationship between anger and stroke, studies with uniform methodology need to be conducted if this association is to be properly evaluated and understood.
Stroke
Association (psychology)
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Unfortunately, anger is pervasive in our society. You can find anger anywhere--homes, schools, roadways, wars, media, and even in the workplace. This brief article will provide some tips on handling anger in the workplace as well as identify types, causes, and signs of anger.
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In this study the authors explored the relationship between counselor trainee anger‐proneness and anger discomfort and trainees' reactions to an angry client. A total of 38 of trainees viewed and gave their reactions to a videotape of an angry client‐actress. There were two dependent variables in the study: discomfort with and anger toward the client. Trainee anger‐proneness and anger discomfort scores were positively and significantly related to discomfort with and anger toward the client. Implications for future research and training are discussed .
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Two studies examined the importance of motive dispositions in determining the extent to which the pursuit of personal goals accounts for interindividual differences in emotional well-being. Within the domains of agency and communion, motives were assessed with a picture-story test, whereas self-report measures were used to assess goal attributes. Study 1 found that progress toward motive-congruent goals, in contrast to progress toward motive-incongruent goals, accounted for students' daily experiences of emotional well-being. Study 2 found that the combination of high commitment to and high attainability of motive-congruent goals predicted an increase in students' emotional well-being over 1 semester. In contrast, high commitment to motive-incongruent goals predicted a decline in emotional well-being. Results are discussed with reference to a 2-system approach to human motivation.
Sense of Agency
Well-Being
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PURPOSE. To review findings of recent research studies on anger in children and adolescents, the outcomes of mishandled anger and interuentions to promote appropriate anger management. SOURCE. Published literature. CONCLUSIONS. Anger may be a healthy or unhealthy response in children experiencing small frustrations or great injustices. Research findings vary and there is a need to clearly define anger and the correlates of anger in children and adolescents. In addition, there are limited studies on anger management strategies and theiv efctiveness that would assist healthcare professionals.
Anger management
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The authors examined whether creating associations between products and anger, a negative but also approach-related emotion, motivates people to get or invest in these products when these products are considered attainable. Experiment 1 demonstrated that participants spontaneously spent more physical effort to get anger-related (compared to neutral) products they could attain as gifts. Experiment 2 showed that participants paid more money for anger-related (compared to neutral) products and thus perceived them as more valuable, regardless of whether the anger–product association was established consciously or unconsciously. Importantly, Experiment 2 also revealed that anger-related products were only perceived as more valuable when they were considered in terms of attainability. The authors conclude that anger can be a hidden motivator: Anger-related products that are perceived in terms of attainability act as rewards that motivate people to obtain these products.
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