The allocation efficiency of China’s agricultural science and technology resources (ASTR) varies in different regions and has a complicated spatial distribution pattern. To visually study whether there are correlations and mutual influences between the allocation efficiency of different regions, we use social network analysis methods (SNA). The study found that: (i) China’s allocation efficiency of ASTR has significant spatial correlation and spillover effects. The overall network density is declining. (ii) The spatial correlation network has significant regional heterogeneity. Some eastern provinces play “intermediaries” and “bridges” in the network. (iii) Geographical proximity, differences in economic development levels, industrial structure levels, and differences in urbanization have a significant impact on the formation of spatial association networks.
This paper investigates the impact of e-commerce participation on household development resilience using a sample of 1229 households in the Shandong and Shaanxi provinces of China in 2022. It constructs the developmental resilience index of farm households from three dimensions of economy, society and culture using the entropy method, and establishes a counterfactual framework using the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method. The results suggest that participation in e-commerce has a significant and positive impact on farming household development resilience. The PSM method estimates that participation in e-commerce increases the developmental resilience of farming households by 9.63% compared to non-participation, with economic, social, and cultural resilience increasing by 9.29%, 9.84%, and 9.92%, respectively. The robustness test results confirm the findings. Further analysis reveals that participation in e-commerce enhances farm household development resilience through three mechanisms: improving economic efficiency, network relationship linkage, and risk appetite. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of e-commerce participation on household development resilience varies among farmers with different endowment constraints. In particular, farmers with more years of education and cooperative members benefit more from e-commerce participation, especially live and platform e-commerce.
Abstract Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of premature death which poses public health challenges worldwide. Previous studies have focused on the overall population in China. However variations in temporal and spatial pattern across subgroups remain unknown. This study was to analyze how the IHD burden among Chinese and subgroup populations changes in response to temporal and spatial trends from 1990-2016.Methods Based on data from the updated estimates in the 2016 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we used years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to describe the IHD burden. The percentage and annual average percentage changes were applied to illustrate temporal and spatial variations of the IHD burden stratified by age-sex and province from 1990-2016, 1990-2005, and 2005-2016.Results YLD rates, YLL rates, and DALY rates for IHD underwent a notable increase among all age groups and increased by 119.4%, 83.3%, and 84.5% nationally from 1990-2016. In YLD rates, an evident rise was seen in females (124.4%) compared to males (114.0%) while males experienced a more substantial increase than that in females in YLL rates (99.3% vs. 60.5%) and DALY rates (99.7% vs. 63.2%) from 1990 to 2016. Compared with 1990-2005, annual average changes in overall population in YLL (3.5% vs. 1.8%) and DALY rates (3.5% vs. 1.9%) showed a tardier increase whereas higher annual average growth of YLD rates (3.5% vs. 4.0%) was observed from 2005-2016. Geographically, all provinces saw declines in YLLs/YLDs ratios from 2005-2016 with seventeen provinces showing an upward trend between 1990 and 2005. Most of the provinces in China witnessed a remarkable upsurge in the age-standardized DALY rate from 1990-2016 whereas the economically advantaged region Macao (52.2%) saw the most marked reduction.Conclusions China has made significant achievements in preventing premature death from IHD along with the increased risk of disability. Substantial disparities in the temporal and spatial trends of IHD burden emphasize concerns for elderly men and those in economically disadvantaged regions with resource constraints. By having identified these disparities, targeted IHD prevention and control will help to bridge these gaps in IHD burden.
The rural population aging poses a great challenge to China’s agricultural production, which is dominated by small farmers. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces or cities (except Tibet) in China from 2005 to 2020, the DEA-Malmquist index is employed to measure the agricultural total factor productivity (ATFP) in each province (city), and then the mediation effect model is used to reveal the mechanism by which the rural population aging affects the ATFP through farmland transfer, agricultural social services, and agricultural machinery. The results show that the rural population aging has made a significant contribution to the ATFP, and farmland transfer, agricultural socialized services and agricultural machinery have a intermediary effect on the increase of the ATFP. Further decomposition of ATFP reveals that the rural population aging can significantly contribute to the scale efficiency and technical progress rate through farmland transfer, agricultural socialization services and agricultural machinery, but does not have a significant effect on pure technical efficiency. In order to promote the high-quality and high-efficiency development of agriculture in the context of population aging, it is necessary to optimize the market environment for farmland transfer, improve the agricultural socialized service system, and continue to strengthen agricultural science and technology innovation.
The application of digital technology offers new opportunities to promote the green transformation and upgrading of agriculture. Farmers’ digital literacy, as a critical link between digital technology and agricultural green development, significantly influences their production decisions. Whether digital literacy serves as an enabling factor driving farmers’ adoption of agricultural green production technologies warrants further exploration. This paper uses the entropy method to measure farmers’ digital literacy levels and employs a Probit model for empirical analysis of survey data from 643 farmers in Shandong and Shaanxi provinces, examining how farmers’ digital literacy influences their adoption of green production technologies. The baseline regression result indicates that digital literacy can significantly increase farmers’ adoption of green production technologies. A mechanism analysis reveals that enhanced farmers’ digital literacy promotes the adoption of green production technologies through three pathways: enhancing farmers’ risk perception, expanding farmers’ digital social capital, and strengthening the effectiveness of technology promotion. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that improved digital literacy significantly enhances the adoption of four technologies—water-saving irrigation, pest control, pollution-free pesticide, and straw return to fields—and exerts a stronger impact on large-scale and middle-generation farmers. Accordingly, this study suggests improving digital village infrastructure, enhancing farmers’ digital literacy comprehensively, and formulating differentiated extension policies.
Household labour migration experiences may have a staggering impact within developing countries, especially in dynamic societies like China, where labour migration is obvious. The present study’s objective is to investigate whether household labour migration contributes to the probability of farmers’ access to productive agricultural services. The study’s empirical setup is comprised of household survey data of 541 farmers in Shaanxi, Henan, and Sichuan provinces. The study proposes a counterfactual model to evaluate the average processing effect of an urban migrant with the help of the endogenous transformation of the Probit model. The results show that labour migration for work directly affects farmers’ access to productive agricultural services and indirectly affects farmers’ access to productive agricultural services through three channels: labour input, land transfers, and planting structure adjustments. The study further confirms that labour migration for work has a significant heterogeneity in the probability of obtaining productive agricultural services for farmers with or without non-agricultural income. Simultaneously, the labour migration area for work has significant heterogeneity in the probability of farmer households’ access to productive agricultural services. The government should extend support towards productive agriculture services. Agricultural demonstration services and on-hand training of migrant labour should be highlighted.
Abstract Since relaxing policy control for farmland leasing, rural labor transfer also arises. The paper estimates the relationship between farmland leasing market and rural labor transfer based on a Double Hurdle Model with the survey data collected from 2793 households in rural China. Results show that the farmland leasing-in scale restrains rural labor transfer mainly in the full-time movement by stimulating the behavior of farmers to plant rice, whereas farmland leasing-out scale, compared to farmland leasing-in scale has an opposite effect on labor transfer, and performs this effect by increasing the likelihood of the desired degree for rural households to do urban business. Specifically, we also find the underlying channels such as the farmers’ desire to the agricultural investment and the Dipiao-ticket transaction through which farmland leasing-in or -out scale affects labor transfer separately. We further find a negative effect of farmland leasing-in scale on household savings and a positive effect of farmland leasing-out scale on that mainly evidently in the group of rural labor transfer. Moreover, farmland leasing-out scale has no significantly influence on the urban life worry of farmers, does not let farmers worry about their urban housing, and does worry about their children’s education. Our study has a deep policy implication on social planners in China to strengthen the systems of the farmland leasing and rural labor transfer.
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