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This paper investigated the saving effect on direct energy input (consumed fuel) from a serial experiments of no-tillage farming (NT) and a conventional tillage farming (CT) for seven years.1) The NT saved direct energy input per unit area (Ea) of 49% in dent corn, 69% in feed turnip and 61% in barley and wheat in comparison with the CT because of omitting both plowing and harrowing.2) The order of Ea in the CT were harvesting>plowing>disk harrowing in dent corn, plowing>loading and carrying>disk harrowing in feed turnip, plowing>harvesting>disk harrowing in barley and wheat, so both plowing and harvesting required a lot of energy in the all operations.3) Disk harrowing required the most energy per unit time (Et) in the all operations.4) If the estimation of Ea and Et allows the error within 10% in seeding and fertilizing, energy calculation can used the same values of Ea and Et for both CT and NT.5) We estimated the turning points of profit and loss in energy balance with the everage yield of two crops published in Japan. If the NT attain the only 45% of CT yield in dent corn and the only 33% of CT yield in wheat, the output/input ratio of direct energy in NT was equivalent to that in CT from the result of estimation.
We present a case of synchronous malignant pheochromocytoma in bilateral adrenal glands. A 73- year-old man presented to our hospital with bilateral adrenal masses incidentally found during abdominal ultrasonography examination for an unrelated issue. The patient had a 30-year history of hypertension and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed heterogeneous tumors in bilateral adrenal glands and an enlarged para-aortic lymph node. Hormonal examinations revealed a high value of urinary catecholamines. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy showed increased uptake in bilateral adrenal glands and the lymph node. Both adrenal tumors and the node were surgically removed. Pathological examination revealed histologically distinct tissue between the two adrenal tumors. The patient received five cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy, consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dacarbazine. The patient has been in remission for 32 months following surgical treatment.
Purpose : A case of a urethral recurrence found 15 years after radical cystectomy is reported. Methods/Results : A 78‐year‐old man, who had undergone radical cystectomy at age 63, presented with urethral bleeding and positive cytology in urethral washing. The urethra was surgically resected. Pathologic examination revealed transitional cell carcinoma located in the distal and mid portion of the penile urethra. Conclusion : Evidence suggested that urethral recurrence resulted from the implantation from the primary bladder tumor; in addition, the urethral neoplasm had scarcely grown in the penile urethra for 15 years.
