Prediction method on rainfall-induced slope failure based on time variation of slope displacement rate observed by model experiments
2
Citation
0
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
斜面崩壊時期の予測は斜面変位のクリープ速度を用いた手法が実用化されているが，斜面ごとに変位速度が異なることや，速度のゆらぎ現象などにより，最終崩壊に到るかどうかの危険度判断が困難な場合が多い。この判断手法を検討するために，大規模模型斜面を使用した降雨時の斜面崩壊実験を行い，変位速度の経時変化について検討した。その結果，変位速度のゆらぎ現象を確認するとともに，斜面の多地点に設置した変位計測結果より，最終崩壊につながる3次クリープ段階へ移行する変位速度の変化傾向が変化する点は崩壊土塊内の何れの地点でも同時間に生じることが明らかとなった。さらに，既往の予測法において，この変化点を利用した崩壊危険度の判断手法の有効性を示した。Keywords:
Variation (astronomy)
Slope failure
Firstly,according to variation contents,the paper divides variation into operating range variation,construction condition variation,design variation,construction variation and technique standards variation. Contraposing to different content variation,the paper puts forward dissimilar control methods. According to the property of project variation,the paper divides variation into fatal variation,important variation and general variation,and points out that we can control variation effectively by establishing dissimilar authority of project variation examination and approval. Finally,according to the urgency of variation,the paper divides variation into variation under urgent circumstance and variation under not urgent circumstance,and puts forward that we can control these variation by different procedure.
Variation (astronomy)
Process Variation
Cite
Citations (0)
AbstractThe names of 1024 American automobiles are analyzed according to register variation, diachronic variation and manufacturer variation. Variation through such linguistic means as structural complexity, metonymy and iconicity is shown to not only reflect social realities of automobile producers and consumers but to actively contribute to constructing these realities as well.
Variation (astronomy)
Iconicity
Cite
Citations (7)
Variation is an important issue of sociolinguistics.According to the variation view of sociolinguistics,grammatical items change under the influence of social factors.Compared with the research on phonetic variation,the research on grammatical variation is weaker.This article presents a review of the literature both at home and abroad on grammatical or syntactic variation.Some propositions for Chinese researchers on grammatical or syntactic variation are put forward at the end of the paper.
Variation (astronomy)
Sociolinguistics
Cite
Citations (0)
Abstract When intra-individual variation in language use is discussed it tends to be seen as not having much significance. The recognizability of the relation of variants to each other is (usually tacitly) acknowledged; intra-individual variation is often attributed to influence across different varieties of the language in question (and, in L2 variation, also across languages); in addition such variation is frequently seen as a concomitant of the way in which the given linguistic feature develops. None of these commentaries actually has much to do with randomness ; all seem to relate to identifiable complexes of correlation. The present article begins by exploring how the concept of randomness is to be understood and defined. It proceeds to explore the relationship of intra-individual linguistic variation to the recognizability of the connections between variables, to cross-varietal influence and to acquisitional trajectories. It probes the question of whether, in the light of the putatively explanatory factors for intra-individual variation considered, much room remains for its treatment as straightforwardly random.
Variation (astronomy)
Explanatory power
Feature (linguistics)
Cite
Citations (0)
Variation occurs when a language has two or more ways of achieving the same communicative goal. Cases of variation have been approached in very different ways by two different groups of linguists. Variationists assume that variation is natural and common. On this view, change is due to naturally occurring variation interacting with language-external forces. Functionalists assume that variation is anomalous. On this view, change may reflect a language-internal drive to eradicate variation. In this paper, it is argued that these conflicting views can be reconciled by considering how variation functions in the broader context of the grammar. Drawing on a case study into the prepositional complements following emotion adjectives, it is proposed that variation (as Variationists maintain) is natural and that languages have no intrinsic tendency to reduce variability. Nevertheless, the synchronic availability and historical development of specific variants is (as Functionalists maintain) also internally motivated, typically by analogical relations.
Variation (astronomy)
Language Change
Cite
Citations (6)
This paper deals with slope stability in a oddly behaved, expansive, overconsolidated, stiff Tertiary clay of São Paulo, Brazil. The properties were not fully recognized until a recent major failure occurred during excavation on a 26-m-high, 250-m-wide slope constructed for the new Carvalho Pinto Motorway. A comprehensive site investigation was carried out and involved laboratory and in situ tests and successfully employed the Marchetti dilatometer. Back analyses of failures showed two different mechanisms, one leading to shallow failure in tertiary clays owing to expansion, followed by surface degradation or slaking. The other mechanism was lack of shear strength in the clay to resist stresses imposed by a high and steep slope. This paper gives site investigation data, discusses the causes, and back analyses of failures, and presents the final slope design.
Dilatometer
Expansive clay
Expansive
Slope failure
Shear Strength
Failure mechanism
Cite
Citations (4)
Empirical and experimental work has yielded burgeoning evidence of intra-individual variation drawing on a variety of analytical frameworks and methodological approaches. A systematic review of intra-individual variation is thus timely both to provide guidance for researchers wishing to interpret and understand intra-individual variation and to provide some theoretical and methodological resources to evaluate the rapidly growing body of literature on intra-individual variation. The present chapter thus untangles intra-individual variation both terminologically and conceptually. We survey the scholarly discussion and evaluation of intra-individual variation in the interdisciplinary discourse of theoretical linguistic frameworks and empirical studies. By sketching previous research, we systematise various types of intra-individual and derive the proposal for a model of intra-individual variation followed by some remarks about the application of intra-individual variation.
Variation (astronomy)
Empirical Research
Cite
Citations (2)
Cross-talks and sketches are two important forms of language art in our country. They are popular with a wide range of audiences around the country due to their humorous language. Language variation is a very important means of creating humor effect. In cross-talks and sketches,various forms of language variation, including phonetic variation, lexical variation,grammar variation, semantic variation,stylistic variation and pragmatic variation,are applied to realize humor effect.
Variation (astronomy)
Cite
Citations (0)
Variation (astronomy)
Language Change
Cite
Citations (5)
The idioms become a language form that people love to see and hear for the fixed structure and the fusion meaning.The idioms' use includes the conventional use and the variation use.This paper primarily treats the idioms' variation use based on the studies of predecessors,and we mainly distinguish between the idioms' form variation and the idioms' meaning variation.It mainly analyses the three basic types and the rhetorical characteristics of the idioms' variation use.
Variation (astronomy)
Cite
Citations (0)