Background: No-reflow phenomenon is one of the most serious complications during elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and causes myocardial infarction unexpectedly.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the most important plaque feature in the development of no-reflow phenomenon after elective coronary stent implantation.Methods and results: We evaluated 353 atherosclerotic lesions using threedimensional integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS) before elective coronary stent implantation.These lesions were categorized into three groups according to the coronary blood flow after stent implantation (Group N, T, and P).Group N included 334 lesions (94.6%) without no-reflow phenomenon during elective PCI.Group T and P included 12 lesions (3.4%) with transient noreflow phenomenon and 7 lesions (2.0%) with persistent no-reflow phenomenon, respectively.We investigated patients' characteristics, angiographic findings and IB-IVUS findings.There were no significant differences about patients' backgrounds and laboratory findings among three groups.No-reflow phenomenon occurred predominantly in the most severe lesions (Type C), which represented 12%, 25%, and 57% of lesions in Group N, T, and P (p=0.014),respectively.There was no significant difference in the ratio of lipid component in target lesions (Group N/T/P: 54±15/58±17/61±13%, p=0.28).In contrast, Group T and P had larger true lipid volume significantly compared with Group N (Group N/T/P: 97±79mm 3 /166±112mm 3 /238±181mm 3 , p<0.0001).Multivariate analysis revealed that only true lipid volume in target plaque was the significant predictor for the development of no-reflow phenomenon.The odds rate for no-reflow phenomenon was 4.82 per 50mm 3 increase in lipid volume (95% confidence interval 1.72-16.0,p=0.0056). Conclusion:Lipid volume in target plaque is the only predictor for the development of no-reflow phenomenon.In Atherosclerotic plaque analysis using threedimensional IB-IVUS, quantitative evaluation is more important to estimate the risk of no-reflow phenomenon compared with qualitative evaluation.
To determine changes in health-related quality of life up to 12 months after surgery in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease that undergo mitral valve repair.54 dogs that underwent mitral valve repair at a United Kingdom referral hospital.Health-related quality of life was assessed with a previously validated, owner-completed questionnaire before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.There was a significant decrease in total score (corresponding to reduced negative impact of cardiac disease on quality of life) between the preoperative timepoint and all postoperative timepoints. A significant decrease in total score was also demonstrated between the 1- and 3-month timepoints, but no additional significant changes in total score between adjacent timepoints were identified beyond 3 months after surgery. Significant improvements in individual question scores were found up to 12 months after surgery.Health-related quality of life was significantly improved following mitral valve repair in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease and this improvement persisted for up to a year after surgery. These results may be useful when counseling owners of dogs considered candidates for this procedure.
Abstract OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias in a group of healthy Salukis evaluated by means of continuous Holter monitoring for 7 days. DESIGN Prospective case series. ANIMALS 25 healthy Salukis > 18 months old. PROCEDURES In all dogs, a history was obtained and a physical examination and transthoracic echocardiography were performed to verify the absence of structural cardiac disease. Dogs then underwent Holter monitoring for 7 days. Data recorded included heart rate parameters and the occurrence of conduction disturbances, ventricular premature complexes, ventricular couplets, ventricular triplets, ventricular bigeminy, ventricular trigeminy, and ventricular tachycardia. RESULTS 25 dogs (13 sexually intact females, 2 spayed females, and 10 sexually intact males) were enrolled in the study. All 25 dogs had at least one 24-hour period during which ventricular premature complexes were detected. Median number of ventricular premature complexes during any 24-hour period in all dogs was 2 (interquartile [25th to 75th percentile] range, 0 to 4). There were no significant differences between males and females in regard to median number of ventricular premature complexes per 24-hour period or recorded heart rate parameters. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE For Salukis in the study population, 7-day Holter monitoring revealed infrequent ventricular arrhythmias. These findings suggested that detection of a ventricular arrhythmia in a healthy Saluki may be an indication for further diagnostic evaluation.
Vaginal cytology, cervical mucus, and serum LH were studied in adult female bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) . Ovulation was observed by laparoscopy. The cytology of vaginal smears and ferning pattern of cervical mucus were not well demarcated. Water content of cervical mucus increased gradually before ovulation and decreased soon after ovulation. The disc gel electro-Serum LH phoresis of cervical mucus revealed four bands. A single mid-cycle peak in concentration was detected in most cases. Basal LH concentration of approximately 500 ng/ml and LH surge of 2,000-2,500 ng/ml were observed between days 14 and 16.
•IVSH may occur in dogs following surgical MVR.•The cause of IVSH in dogs undergoing MVR remains unknown.•Mortality attributable to IVSH in these four dogs was 50%.
Abstract Objective To compare the diuretic effects of subcutaneous (SC) administration of furosemide to conventional methods of administration including intravenous (IV), per os (PO), and constant rate infusion (CRI) in healthy dogs. Design Prospective, randomized, cross‐over study. Setting Veterinary university research facility. Animals Seven healthy, adult mongrel dogs (3 males, 4 females). Intervention Each dog in the study was randomly assigned to receive a 2 mg/kg dose of furosemide via a single SC, IV, or PO dose at the beginning (time 0) of an 8‐hour study, or via CRI during an 8‐hour study period. Urine was collected by emptying the bladder using an indwelling catheter and blood samples were obtained via venipuncture at time 0 for baseline measurements and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours into the study. Hourly urine output was calculated in all dogs for each study. Complete blood count, plasma total protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and renin concentration were measured for each sample. Measurements and Main Results The SC administration of furosemide resulted in a urine output per hour (UOP/h) that peaked at 1 hour with UOP/h returning to baseline at 4 hours after injection. Following IV administration, UOP/h also peaked at 1 hour but returned more rapidly to baseline levels at 2 hours after injection. With PO administration, UOP/h reached a maximum UOP/h at 2 hours but time to return to baseline levels was prolonged to 6 hours after administration. With CRI administration, the time to the maximum UOP/h was delayed to 4 hours after injection but UOP/h was then maintained throughout the study period. Conclusions Total urine output following SC administration of furosemide in healthy dogs was similar when compared to the IV and PO route. Subcutaneous route may be an effective means for administration of furosemide in dogs, particularly when IV access is difficult.
Abstract OBJECTIVE To determine quality-of-life changes in owners of dogs undergoing mitral valve repair for myxomatous mitral valve disease, up to 12 months postoperatively. SAMPLE Owners of 26 dogs undergoing mitral valve repair at a single UK veterinary referral hospital. METHODS Dogs underwent mitral valve repair under cardiopulmonary bypass as previously described. Owner quality of life was assessed by self-completion of a previously validated questionnaire preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS There was a statistically significant improvement in quality-of-life scores from preoperatively up to 3 months postoperatively and a statistically significant improvement in individual question scores up to 6 months postoperatively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that owner quality of life is significantly improved following surgical repair of their pet’s myxomatous mitral valve disease, and this improvement continues beyond the immediate postoperative period. These results may be useful when counseling owners of surgical candidates and is another useful outcome measure.