Andreu Ollé

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social

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Eudald Carbonell

Universidad Rovira i Virgili

Marina Mosquera

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social

Josep María Vergès

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social

Isabel Cáceres

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social

Palmira Saladié

Universidad Rovira i Virgili

Xosé Pedro Rodríguez Álvarez

Universidad Rovira i Virgili

Josep Vallverdú

Universidad Rovira i Virgili

Antonella Pedergnana

University of Zurich

Paula García-Medrano

British Museum

Robert Sala

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social

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Universidad Rovira i Virgili

106

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social

104

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales

Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique

National Research Center on Human Evolution

Institut de Paléontologie Humaine

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

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Lithic assemblages of Azokh Cave (Nagorno Karabagh, Lesser Caucasus): Raw materials, technology and regional context

Journal of Lithic Studies (2014)

Lena Asryan Andreu Ollé Norah Moloney Tania King

Azokh Cave is a Middle Pleistocene to Holocene site located in Nagorno Karabagh (Lesser Caucasus). The main entrance, Azokh 1, is a large cave that has two geological sequences (lower and upper) with nine geo-archaeological units of which only the upper ones (Units I to V) have a significant archaeological record. The faunal remains and lithic artefacts in these units indicate aspects of human occupation, and exploitation of, and association with animals. The lithic artefacts presented here were recovered from Units V, III and II during the 2002 – 2009 excavation seasons. The available chronological data indicates an age between 293 – 100 Ka for these units. The operational chain is incomplete and artefacts found in the cave are primarily end-products dominated by flake-tools. The assemblage of Unit V is composed primarily of simple, unretouched flakes with a minimal presence of retouched flakes and cores. The Unit II lithic assemblage includes a substantial Levallois component, although with fewer cores and retouched flakes. There are very few flake tools in Unit III. While it is still difficult to assign the Unit V assemblage to a techno-typological group or complex (i.e. Acheulean, Mousterian or other local techno-complexes such as the Kudarian), the Unit II assemblage is clearly associated with Mode 3 or the Mousterian techno-complex.Different local and non-local raw materials were exploited in all units for the production of lithic artefacts, although the range of raw materials is more varied in Unit II. Local chert, flint and basalt were used most commonly, probably due to their easy accessibility. Limestone, jasper and sandstone, from local and non-local sources, are present in small quantities in Units V and II. Obsidian is the only raw material that possibly originates from more distant sources. Flint and chert appear to have been preferentially exploited for flake tool production in all units, but the toolmakers show a preference for better quality raw material (flint, basalt, obsidian) for retouched pieces in Units V and II, and for Levallois production in Unit II.

Mousterian

Assemblage (archaeology)

Acheulean

Flake

Upper Paleolithic

Lithic technology

Middle Paleolithic

Stratigraphic unit

Faunal assemblage

10.2218/jls.v1i1.775

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Citations (17)

The Acheulean from Atapuerca: Three steps forward, one step back

Quaternary International (2016)

Andreu Ollé Marina Mosquera Xosé Pedro Rodríguez Álvarez Paula García-Medrano Déborah Barsky

Acheulean

Early Pleistocene

Hominidae

Hiatus

Paleoanthropology

10.1016/j.quaint.2016.01.042

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Citations (55)

Early pastoral communities in the mountains of Sicily. Prehistoric evidence from Vallone Inferno (Scillato) in the palaeoenvironmental framework of the Madonie mountain range

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology (2020)

Vincenza Forgia Andreu Ollé Josep María Vergès

Pastoralism

Aridification

Archaeological record

Chalcolithic

10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101238

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Citations (4)

The Early Acheulean technology of Barranc de la Boella (Catalonia, Spain)

Quaternary International (2015)

Marina Mosquera Andreu Ollé Palmira Saladié Isabel Cáceres Rosa Huguet

Acheulean

Hippopotamus

Assemblage (archaeology)

Taphonomy

10.1016/j.quaint.2015.05.005

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Citations (83)

Microwear analysis of the Lower Pleistocene lithic industry of Monte Poggiolo (Forlì,Italy)

Arkeos: perspectivas em diálogo (1999)

Josep María Vergès Andreu Ollé Laura Longo Carlo Peretto

Lithic technology

Source

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Citations (5)

An assessment of bone tool cleaning procedures in preparation for traceological analysis

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (2022)

Paula Mateo-Lomba Juan Luis Fernández‐Marchena Irene Cazalla Noé Valtierra Isabel Cáceres

Abstract The preparation of samples for traceological analysis is a key methodological aspect in the correct interpretation of use-wear; however, it is often poorly reflected in the archaeological literature. The treatment of osseous tissues is particularly overlooked, and receives even less attention than lithic raw materials. The presence of residues and contaminants on the surface of artefacts can conceal or even be mistaken for use-wear features, thereby affecting their interpretation. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the systematization of cleaning protocols and the preparation of experimental bone tools for traceological analysis. Through a sequential experiment, we tested the effects of different cleaning agents on experimental samples. Microscopic observation of the samples was complemented with microhardness testing. Our results made it possible to evaluate the cleaning effectiveness of the tested products, to determine how each product affects the bone surface at a microscopic level, and to assess the effects of these products on the treated bone tools in terms of cutting performance.

10.1007/s12520-022-01554-x

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Citations (8)

Beyond Large-Shaped Tools: Technological Innovations and Continuities at the Late Early Pleistocene Assemblage of El Barranc de la Boella (Tarragona, Spain)

Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology (2024)

Diego Lombao Juan Ignacio Morales Marina Mosquera Andreu Ollé Palmira Saladié

Abstract The emergence of the mode 2 technocomplex, traditionally characterized by the development of large cutting tools (LCTs) or standardized large-shaped tools, has also implied a range of new technological behaviours. These include enhanced raw material management, more sophisticated knapping strategies, and transport patterns, among other innovations. Unit II of the localities of La Mina, El Forn, and Pit 1 in El Barranc de la Boella (Tarragona, Spain) — dating back to between 0.99–0.78 million years ago — contains the oldest mode 2 assemblages in the European subcontinent and represents an exceptional opportunity to examine the technological features associated with the appearance of LCTs in Europe and to provide clues to shed light to different hypotheses about their appearance. The presence of functionally diverse but environmentally similar localities enables a study of behavioural flexibility and technological variation, marking a critical contribution to understanding early human technological evolution. Our research focuses on the technological behaviours of hominins in unit II of Pit 1, La Mina, and El Forn at Barranc de la Boella, examining five keys technological aspects such as (1) raw material management, (2) core reduction sequences, (3) reduction intensity, (4) large flake production, and (5) the spatiotemporal integrity of reduction sequences. We compare these behaviours with those observed in mode 1 (~ 1.8–0.9 Ma) and early Middle Pleistocene (~ 0.78–0.6 Ma) assemblages across western Europe. Our findings reveal significant advancements and anticipatory behaviours at El Barranc de la Boella, such as the use of procedural templates for core reduction strategies and the production of large-shaped tools governed by principles of gestural economy, and also the existence of different reduction sequences in different raw materials according to specific purposes. The technological behaviours observed at El Barranc de la Boella seem to be more indicative of population dispersals rather than local evolutionary developments from mode 1 technologies. The non-linear evolution of core knapping strategies, along with the variability in large-shaped tool types, suggests multiple waves of hominin dispersals into Europe during this crucial period. We propose that El Barranc de la Boella may represent an early dispersal of the Acheulean from Africa around 1.4 million years ago, potentially connected to assemblages such as ‘Ubeidiya. This study underscores the complexity of lithic technology during this period and contributes significantly to our understanding of the complex emergence and adoption of new technological behaviours in European early mode 2 assemblages, extending beyond the mere appearance of LCTs.

Assemblage (archaeology)

Lithic technology

10.1007/s41982-024-00189-9

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Citations (0)

Test excavations and initial results at the Middle and Upper Paleolithic sites of Gilvaran, Kaldar, Ghamari caves and Gar Arjene Rockshelter, Khorramabad Valley, western Iran

Comptes Rendus Palevol (2014)

Behrouz Bazgir Marcel Otte Laxmi Tumung Andreu Ollé Sushama G. Deo

Middle Paleolithic

Upper Paleolithic

Aurignacian

10.1016/j.crpv.2014.01.005