Timorus sarcophagoides, new species (type-locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Santana do Riacho - Serra do Cipó, 43o35'W 19o17'S, 1200–1300m ASL), is described and illustrated. The new species can be distinguished mainly from the other species of the genus by the sexual dimorphism of the male rostrum armed with a hooked tubercle at the base of the dorsal carina, while the tubercle is absent in the female and the corresponding region of the carina is only tumid. The new species has a striking pattern of coloration and behavior that mimics flesh-flies in the family Sarcophagidae. Observations on the natural history of the new species are reported and discussed.
The South American species of Belidae are revised. These weevils are considered primitive Curculionoidea, due to some morphological aspects, the phytophagous habits of many species, the correlation with pteridophytes (ferns) and gymnosperms (mainly conifers) and their remarkably discontinuous distribution. Living species are know only from Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea, New Zealand and southern South America. The bulk of species is found in Australia. No fossils are as yet known. Unfortunately these weevils are very rare, at least in collections, and this scarcity may be related to the almost unknown biology of the group. New data on the internal anatomy of Homalocerus lyciformis Boh., as well as other data gathered in this revision, support the idea of the group's primitiveness and its family status, the latter still discussed by some authors. Fourteen South American species are recognized in this study, three of which described as new, all from Brazil: Dicordylus serranus, n. sp. (type-locality, Brazil, State of Minas Gerais, Serra do Caraça); Homalocerus flavicornis, n. sp. (type-locality, Brazil, State of Rio de Janeiro); Homalocerus longirostris, n. sp. (typ,e-locality, Brazil, State of Santa Catarina, Rio Vermelho). Two names are placed in synonymy: Homalocerus punctum Pascoe, syn. n. of Homalocerus nigripennis Boh., and Homalocerus zikani Bondar, syn. n. of Homalocerus xixim Bondar. The new genus Atractuchus is erected for a Chilean species formerly placed in Dicordylus. The splitting of Dicordylus binotatus and Atractuchus annulifer in subspecies, as suggested by Kuschel (1959), is briefly dismissed and maintained, even though this subject should need further analyses, based on more representative material. The distribution of each species is mapped and discussed. The genus Dicordylus, previously thought to be endemic to the Chilean Subregion is for the first time recorded from Brazil. An attempt is made to give the phylogenetic trends for the South American genera and species.
Larvae of Stilpnonotus postsignatus Fairmaire, 1889 were collected inside a hard log in Peruíbe, São Paulo, Brazil; reared adults were identified. A description of the larva, pre-pupa and pupa are provided with ilustrations.
Anchylorhynchus Schoenherr is a genus of palm-associated weevils currently including 22 described species in the Neotropics. These weevils engage in brood pollination interactions with species in at least four genera of palms (Arecaceae), representing an emerging system for the study of mutualisms. Here we revise the taxonomy of Anchylorhynchus and propose the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the group, based on morphology. Anchylorhynchus chrysomeloides sp. nov., Anchylorhynchus goiano sp. nov., Anchylorhynchus imitator sp. nov., Anchylorhynchus latipes sp. nov., Anchylorhynchus multisquamis sp. nov. and Anchylorhynchus rectus sp. nov. are described, Anchylorhynchus gottsbergerorum Vanin is a new junior subjective synonym of Anchylorhynchus bicarinatus O’Brien, and Anchylorhynchus eriospathae Bondar and Anchylorhynchus pictipennis Hustache are new junior subjective synonyms of Anchylorhynchus tremolerasi Hustache, resulting in 25 valid species for the genus. We provide genus and species descriptions with a new dichotomous key to the species and updated information on geography and host associations based on museum records and extensive new collections. We also produce a new morphological matrix with 113 characters, 11 of them based on measurements while accounting for allometry, correlation and power to delimit groups. The software pipeline to produce these characters was encoded in a graphical user interface named DiscretzR, made available here. Analysis of this matrix under parsimony and Bayesian inference resulted in strong support for the monophyly of Anchylorhynchus, but weaker support for most clades within the genus. Reconstruction of the host plant associations indicates that the common ancestor of Anchylorhynchus visited flowers of Syagrus Mart., with later transitions to other genera restricted to one of the major clades of Anchylorhynchus. This taxonomic revision with the first phylogeny for the group provides a foundation for future evolutionary studies in the genus.
Sicoderus robini sp. nov. (type locality: Bolivia, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Buena Vista, El Cairo) is described and illustrated. The new species is assigned to the Sicoderus appendiculatus species group, compared with similar species of the group and with the two other species of Sicoderus that occur in Bolivia. The previously published key for species identification of the S. appendiculatus group is updated to include the new species.