A simple method for the assay of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) activity was modified for application in planktonic crustaceans as an index of somatic growth. The cladoceran Daphnia magna was cultured in the laboratory and its AARS activity measured without substrate addition. The relationship between the enzyme activities of animals of similar age and individual biomass growing at different rates was tested. A significant relationship was found between AARS activity and somatic growth in terms of both protein and dry weight.
Knowledge of metabolic rates of euphausiid diel vertical migrants in the ocean is of paramount importance to understand the role of these organisms in the downward transport of carbon due to their feeding in the epipelagic zone and subsequent respiration, egestion, excretion and mortality in the mesopelagic zone. Enzymatic activities are used as proxies for the estimation of metabolism in deep waters because of the logistical problems related to measure these rates at depth. However, metabolic activities of euphausiids in the so-called oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are still not well understood. The OMZs are expanding as the effect of the global warming. Knowledge about the metabolic response of organisms transiting these zones will help to understand the fate of zooplanktonic communities and vertical active flux. The electron transport system (ETS) and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) activities were used as proxies for potential respiration and growth in planktonic organisms. Here, we measured these enzymatic activities in Euphausia distinguenda in the well-oxygenated epipelagic layer and in the OMZ of the northern boundary of the Eastern Tropical Pacific off Mexico. E. distinguenda was found in the mixed layer at night (~3.5 mL O2 L−1) and near the core of the OMZ (0.2 mL O2 L−1) during daytime between 200 and 350 m depth. We found higher ETS and AARS specific activities in the warm mixed layer at night and significantly lower in the colder OMZ during daytime because of temperature differences. However, when the effect of temperature was subtracted in both enzyme activities, higher values in the mesopelagic layer were observed. This result is tentatively explained by the increase in substrates as the effect of feeding at night in the upper layers and their oxygen consumption at depth during day in order to compensate for the colder temperature and low dissolved oxygen concentration. This physiological mechanism allows E. distinguenda diel vertical migrants to partly face the physical constraints of vertical migration imposed to avoid predators.
The Mar Menor hypersaline coastal lagoon has suffered serious degradation in the last three decades attributable to nutrient pollution. In 2015, the lagoon experienced an intensive bloom of cyanobacteria that triggered a drastic change of its ecosystem. Our analyses indicate that phytoplankton in 2016-2021 did not present a seasonal variability pattern; the community was mainly dominated by diatoms and punctually reached abundance peaks above 107 cel L-1 along with chlorophyll a concentrations exceeding 20 μg L-1. The predominant diatom genera during these blooms were different as well as the nutrient conditions under which they were produced. These high diatom abundances are unprecedented in the lagoon; in fact, our data indicate that the taxonomic composition, time variation patterns and cell abundance of phytoplankton in 2016-2021 differ notably in comparison to the data published before 2015. Consequently, our results support the finding that the trophic status of the lagoon has changed profoundly.