Activated carbon from cottonwood was synthesized by microwave-assisted method with activator NaOH. Activated carbon from cottonwood has a rough surface like coral, an amorphous structure with surface functional groups such as O–H, C–H, C=C, and C–O. The surface area and pore size were recorded at 395.48 m 2 g −1 and 2.35 nm. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon from cottonwood was evaluated on two groups of anion dyes (congo red) and cation dye (methylene blue) to evaluate the influencing factors and predict the adsorption process. The best adsorption conditions were recorded for methylene blue (time: 30 min, temperature: 30 °C, pH: 10, activated carbon from cottonwood of 1 g L −1 , methylene blue of 80 mg L −1 , and adsorption capacity of 30.875 mg g −1 ) and congo red (time: 150 min, temperature: 60 °C, pH: 2, activated carbon from cottonwood of 2 g L −1 , congo red of 100 mg L −1 , and adsorption capacity of 45.97 mg g −1 ), respectively. The adsorption process was consistent with the Bangham kinetic and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm model. The process of evaluating reusability shows that activated carbon from cottonwood can be reused 4 times.
Water is an extremely important resource for human sustainable development.Currently, along with the development of industrialization and modernization, environmental pollution in general and water environment is a burning problem for us.Textile dyeing companies as well as other chemical companies consume large quantities of dyes, resulting in highly soluble dyes that become a major source of water pollution.Organic dyes are not easily decomposed, the discharge of untreated wastewater containing many dyes into the aquatic environment causes serious consequences for the ecosystem as well as human
Abstract The Pepper ( Piper nigrum L.) with spicy flavor, which is considered as one of the special spices in Vietnamese dishes. In the pepper contains a high content of essential oils contained in seeds and leaves, which not only have antioxidant and antibacterial resistance but also anti-Colon toxin, antidepressant, antifungal, analgesic, antidiarrhoeal. In the present study, we optimized the yield of essential oils obtained from Pepper leaves by Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) extraction method by examining the factors that affect the extraction process such as the size of leaves, the ratio of materials with solvent, time and microwave power. The highest essential oil performance achieved 0.94 mL/g by MAHD at grind size, extraction time (40 min), the ratio of water to raw materials (4:1mL/g), and microwave power (450W). A total of 22 volatile constituents were identified from the pepper leaves oil, with the major components being 3-Carene, D-Limonene, Caryophyllene, and β-Pinene.
Abstract Diversification of products that are derived from essential oils carries important implications in reducing agricultural waste and promoting the medicinal materials industry. In this study, we formulated a shampoo and a body wash product incorporated with lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) essential oils (LEOs) and evaluated their color stability and the LEO compositional change. We first determined the color change and chemical composition of bare LEO under different storage conditions. Afterward, the washing product base was formulated, and its formulation process was optimized to minimize the color change by varying a wide range of parameters including pH, the inclusion of preservatives and antioxidants, LEO/antioxidant ratio, and emulsification temperature. The base product was then used in body wash and shampoo formulation following our previously reported procedure. The results indicated that direct incorporation of the LEO into the cosmetic products resulted in better color stability and citral retention in comparison with emulsion formation. In addition, shampoo and body wash products showed no detectible presence of compounds resulting from citral decomposition such as 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene, p -mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol, and p -cymene-8-ol. The current findings are expected to aid in diversifying LEO-derived commodities and justifying scalability of the cosmetics production process with a focus on the incorporation of naturally derived ingredients.
In this study, activated carbon derived from mangosteen peel (abbreviated as ACMP) was successfully fabricated. This as-prepared ACMP possessed graphite and had a porous structure with a specific surface area of 419.8554 m2/g. Investigations of the influencing factors on the ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption capability of the ACMP based on the static adsorption method showed that: adsorption equilibrium can be achieved in 60 min, the optimal pH for CIP adsorption was a pH of 6, and the optimal ratio between the material mass and solution volume was 3 g/L. The CIP adsorption process of the ACMP follows the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Elovich, and Redlich–Peterson isotherm adsorption models. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model for the CIP of the ACMP was (qmax = 29.76 mg/g). The CIP adsorption process of the ACMP followed the apparent quadratic kinetic equation, as well as spontaneous, endothermic, physical, and chemical adsorption. The adsorption rate was governed by membrane diffusion.
Abstract This study presents results of extracting hydrolyzed collagen peptide from fresh‐water fish scale and using it to prepare a nanoemulsion based on Sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed oil and collagen peptide. The sacha inchi seed oil is extracted from the seeds of Sacha Inchi (abbreviated as sachi) plant and contains approximate 45 % triple omega 3–6‐9 (ω‐3, ω‐6, ω‐9) content. Pseudo‐ternary phase diagrams of three components: aqueous collagen solution, sachi seed oil, and surfactant/co‐surfactant (S mix ) have been constructed. The parameters including the composition of S mix , sachi seed oil, and aqueous collagen solution have been selected to optimize the technology factors for the emulsion process. A quadratic regression equation was chosen, and experimental planning following the Box‐Behnken model using response surface methodology was used to optimize the preparation conditions for the nanoemulsion. The average droplet size of the emulsion systems is the object function for optimization. The S mix is a mixture of surfactant (Tween80) and propylene glycol (PG) with different ratios of Tween80/PG of 1/1, 2/1, 3/1, and 4/1, corresponding to the formation of four emulsion systems, code 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively. The optimal parameters for each emulsion system are different, however, the aqueous collagen solution contains a higher proportion in emulsions. Under the optimal conditions, the predicted values of the objective function of emulsions code 1–code 4 ranged from 95.62 to 185.14 nm, increasing together with the Tween80 ratio in S mix . The experiment values of the objective function of emulsions code 1–code 4 prepared under the optimal conditions are 104.22, 133.70, 159.27, and 207.87 nm, respectively. These values are close to the predicted values, suggesting that the suitability of the experiment and theory. Additionally, the stability of the nanoemulsion prepared under the optimal conditions is also evaluated. A stable nanoemulsion is potentially for loading nutraceuticals and vitamins for applications in personal health care and medicinal fields.
Abstract Arecaceae presents one of the plant families distributed mainly in the equatorial and subequatorial regions. Arecaceae are widely applied in many fields such as food, cosmetics, fuel, and chemical industries. However, a large amount of agricultural waste from the Arecaceae trees has been released into the environment. The objective of this report is to gain more insights into the potentials and applications of activated carbon (AC) from the Arecaceae trees in wastewater treatment, in which, the ability to handle organic pigments, metals, and antibiotics is focused. The physical properties and processability of AC are statistically evaluated. With a uniform structure, large specific surface area, processing ability according to Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, we showed that ACs from Arecaceae trees are promising materials for water treatment applications. This is the basis for the development and reduction of by-products that affect the environment.
Abstract This study examines the effects of influencing parameters to Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EOs) in the hydrodistillation process including extraction temperature, time, and raw material to water ratio. The study also investigated the chemical composition of Eucalyptus globulus EOs by Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the single factor investigation method, the yield of the EOs for 2.2% in the conditions including the leaves size about 0.5 mm, with the ratio of the leaves to water was 1:4 (g/mL), at 75 minutes in the extracting temperature of 120°C. The analytical results showed that the composition of Eucalyptol (35,034%), followed by α-Pinene (17,860%), β-Pinene (11,022%), α-Terpenol (4,756%), caryophyllene oxide (4,554%), camphol (2,123%), and other ingredients with content less than 1%.
Abstract Collagen derived from freshwater fish scales is a potential material for hemostatic and wound healing. 3D printing method is an environmentally friendly technique to geometrically‐controlled samples and is widely applied to prepare collagen‐based materials. This work aims to compare the advantages of preparation methods for hemostatic materials based on collagen, in which, the traditional method, solution will be compared with the modern method, 3D printing. Collagen in gel form was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and was first time modified with ginsenoside Rb1 and Camellia chrysantha polyphenols. The characteristics of biomaterial samples, including functional groups, morphology, and element composition of samples have been assessed using infrared spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive x‐ray, field emission scanning electron microscopy. The swelling degree and hemostatic ability of biomaterial samples prepared according to two methods would be tested. The antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory tests, and in vivo test on mice were carried out on these biomaterials. The findings confirmed that the 3D printing method with direct ink writing technique is more suitable for the preparation of hemostatic collagen‐based membrane than the solution method. The time to hemostasis when using collagen‐based membrane was found to be 104.0 ± 16.7 s. Moreover, the collagen‐based biomaterials also have anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial activity. This opens potential applications of the biomaterials from fish scale collagen in practice.
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