Two fossil dragonflies from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liutiaogou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China are described and illustrated. They are assigned to two new genera and species, i.e., Sophoaeschna frigida gen. et sp. nov. and Falsisophoaeschna generalis gen. et sp. nov. within the family Gomphaeschnidae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940. This is the first report of Odonata from Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia and the second record of fossil Gomphaeschnidae from China.
Changed temperature not only threaten agricultural production, but they also affect individual biological behavior, population and community of many insects, and consequently reduce the stability of our ecosystem. Insect’s ability to respond to temperature stress evolved through a complex adaptive process, thus resulting in varied temperature tolerance among different insects. Both high and low extreme temperatures are detrimental to insect development since they constitute an important abiotic stress capable of inducing abnormal biological responses. Many studies on heat or cold tolerance of ladybirds have focused on measurements of physiological and biochemical indexes such as supercooling point, higher/lower lethal temperatures, survival rate, dry body weight, water content, and developmental duration. And studies of the molecular mechanisms of ladybird responses to heat or cold stress have focused on single genes, such as those encoding heat shock proteins, but has not been analyzed by transcriptome profiling. In this study, we report the use of Digital Gene Expression (DGE) tag profiling to gain insight into transcriptional events associated with heat- and cold-stress in C. montrouzieri. About 6 million tags (49 bp in length) were sequenced in a heat stress group, a cold stress group and a negative control group. We obtained 687 and 573 genes that showed significantly altered expression levels following heat and cold shock treatments, respectively. Analysis of the global gene expression pattern suggested that 42 enzyme-encoding genes mapped to many Gene Ontology terms are associated with insect’s response to heat- and cold-stress. These results provide a global assessment of genes and molecular mechanisms involved in heat and cold tolerance.
The present tpaper deals with the analysis of diversity of Coccinellidae in China, based on the effect tof the Cathaysian land formation and climate condition on the evolutiton of plants, as well as the coevolution of insects and plants. Among them, there are 10 subfamilies, 85 genera and 680 species are recorded from China.
The relictual archostematan beetle family Ommatidae attained high diversity during the Mesozoic. Despite their once high taxonomic diversity and morphological disparity, many Mesozoic ommatid taxa remain poorly understood, partly due to limited preservation. Here we report an exceptionally well-preserved fossil, which we describe as a new ommatid genus and species, Limnomma daohugouense gen. et sp. nov. , from the mid-Jurassic Daohugou Lagerstätte in Northeast China. The new genus can be most easily distinguished from other ommatids by the presence of a circular non-tuberculate region on ventrite 5. The new taxon is discussed in relation to the classification of the Mesozoic genera Brochocoleus and Burmocoleus .
A bstract A search for the leptonic charge asymmetry ( $$ {A}_{\textrm{c}}^{\ell } $$ Acℓ ) of top-quark-antiquark pair production in association with a W boson ( $$ t\overline{t}W $$ tt¯W ) is presented. The search is performed using final states with exactly three charged light leptons (electrons or muons) and is based on $$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN during the years 2015–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 . A profile-likelihood fit to the event yields in multiple regions corresponding to positive and negative differences between the pseudorapidities of the charged leptons from top-quark and top-antiquark decays is used to extract the charge asymmetry. At reconstruction level, the asymmetry is found to be −0 . 12 ± 0 . 14 (stat.) ± 0 . 05 (syst.). An unfolding procedure is applied to convert the result at reconstruction level into a charge-asymmetry value in a fiducial volume at particle level with the result of −0 . 11 ± 0 . 17 (stat.) ± 0 . 05 (syst.). The Standard Model expectations for these two observables are calculated using Monte Carlo simulations with next-to-leading-order plus parton shower precision in quantum chromodynamics and including next-to-leading-order electroweak corrections. They are $$ -{0.084}_{-0.003}^{+0.005} $$ −0.084−0.003+0.005 (scale) ± 0 . 006 (MC stat.) and $$ -{0.063}_{-0.004}^{+0.007} $$ −0.063−0.004+0.007 (scale) ± 0 . 004 (MC stat.) respectively, and in agreement with the measurements.