Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and potentially progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The incidence and prevalence rate of the disease has been increasing globally, especially in females.In this cross-sectional population-based study based on Iranian MS Society data (1989-2016), we aimed to present most recent age-standardized incidence and prevalence rate of MS, female to male ratio, mean onset age, and prevalence of positive family history of MS alongside with their time trend via Joinpoint regression analysis in 27 years. Additionally, a linear regression model was used for evaluating the association of onset age with sex and family history in patients.In 18,061 registered cases: female to male ratio was generally 3.06:1, showing a general decreasing trend. The mean onset age of the disease was 28.50 ± 8.61 with a general increasing trend. 12.52% of the cases had at least a positive any-degree family history of MS, exhibiting a weak increasing trend. The age-standardized incidence and prevalence rate was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3, 7.2) and 116 (95% CI: 96, 139) per 100000 populations, respectively, both presenting a significant increasing trend, however, incidence rate ended in plateaued and finally decreasing trend. Finally, onset age was predicted to be lower in females and subjects with positive family history of MS.Tehran is among MS high-risk areas with increasing trends in prevalence and increasing followed by plateaued incidence rates indicating necessity of extra investigations of the underlying reasons and health system preparedness for further health care requirements of MS patients.

McDonald criteria

Prevalence

Rate ratio

Cross-sectional study

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Level and trend of total plasma cholesterol in national and subnational of Iran: a systematic review and age-spatio-temporal analysis from 1990 to 2016

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders (2022)

Parinaz Mehdipour Esmaeil Mohammadi Sadaf G Sepanlou Alireza Ahmadvand Niloofar Peykari

Age groups

10.1007/s40200-022-01052-w

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The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): Validation and Reliability of the Farsi Version

Psychological Reports (2013)

Sina Hafizi Amir Hossein Memari Mohammad Pakrah Farnam Mohebi Amene Saghazadeh

This study examined the validation and reliability of the Farsi version of the Duke University Religion Index (FDUREL), a brief measure designed to evaluate the primary dimensions of religiosity. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, after translation of the original version of DUREL by using standard forward-backward translation, the FDUREL was administered to 427 medical students at different training levels. Reliability of the FDUREL was assessed by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Principal components factor analysis was employed to assess the construct validity of the measure. In the second phase, 557 medical students were asked to fill out the FDUREL and Hoge Intrinsic Religiosity Scale to examine concurrent validity. The FDUREL was unidimensional and had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results suggest that the FDUREL is a reliable and valid measure of religiosity in Farsi-speaking populations.

10.2466/08.07.17.pr0.112.1.151-159

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Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

The Lancet (2018)

Spencer L James Degu Abate Kalkidan Hassen Abate Solomón Mequanente Abay Cristiana Abbafati

BackgroundThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data.MethodsWe estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting.FindingsGlobally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1–4·6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7·2% (6·0–8·4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421–723) to 853 million (642–1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7·9% (6·6–9·2) for males and 6·5% (5·4–7·7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782–3252] per 100 000 in males vs s1400 [1279–1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082–3583] vs 2336 [2154–2535]), and self-harm and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943–3630] vs 5643 [5057–6302]).InterpretationGlobal all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Population Ageing

10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32279-7

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Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Nature Medicine (2020)

Damaris K. Kinyoki Jennifer M. Ross Alice Lazzar-Atwood Sandra B. Munro Lauren E. Schaeffer

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

10.1038/s41591-020-0972-7

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White matter microstructural abnormalities in primary insomnia: A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (2020)

Hossein Sanjari Moghaddam Esmaeil Mohammadi Mahsa Dolatshahi Farnam Mohebi Agaah Ashrafi

Primary Insomnia

10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110132

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Multiple Sclerosis Minimum Data Set for National Registry System in Iran: Definition Validity and Reliability

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (2018)

Sharareh Eskandarieh Sarvenaz Shaaheen Farnam Mohebi Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi Amirreza Azimi

Minimum Data Set

Data set

10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.053

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Burden of multiple sclerosis in Iran from 1990 to 2017

BMC Neurology (2021)

Nima Fattahi Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam Farnam Mohebi Negar Rezaei Masoud Masinaei

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a burdensome, chronic and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. We aimed to report the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) of MS in Iran at a national level for different age and sex groups over a period of 28 years (1990-2017).Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) from 1990 to 2017, published by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. The incidence of DALYs and prevalence of MS were estimated to report the burden of MS based on sex and age in Iran from 1990 to 2017.At the national level, the Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR), Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR), Age-Standardized DALYs Rate (ASDR) and the Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) in Iran in 2017 were 2.4 (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 2.1 to 2.7), 69.5 (62.1 to 77.8), 29.1 (23.6 to 34.7), and 0.4 (0.3 to 0.4) per 100,000 population, respectively. During the period of 1990 to 2017, all measures increased, and were higher among females. The incidence rate began upward trend at the age of 20 and attained its highest level at the age of 25.In Iran, all of the age-standardized MS rates have been increasing during the 28 years from 1990 to 2017. Our findings can help policy makers and health planners to design and communicate their plans and to have a better resource allocation, depending on the incidence and prevalence of the growing numbers of MS patients in Iran.

Standardized rate

10.1186/s12883-021-02431-1

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Patient experience with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationally representative demonstration study on quality and cost of healthcare services

Frontiers in Public Health (2023)

Seyyed‐Hadi Ghamari Farnam Mohebi Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari Soheil Peiman Besharat Rahimi

Introduction Due to insufficient data on patient experience with healthcare system among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly in developing countries, this study attempted to investigate the journey of patients with COPD in the healthcare system using nationally representative data in Iran. Methods This nationally representative demonstration study was conducted from 2016 to 2018 using a novel machine-learning based sampling method based on different districts’ healthcare structures and outcome data. Pulmonologists confirmed eligible participants and nurses recruited and followed them up for 3 months/in 4 visits. Utilization of various healthcare services, direct and indirect costs (including non-health, absenteeism, loss of productivity, and time waste), and quality of healthcare services (using quality indicators) were assessed. Results This study constituted of a final sample of 235 patients with COPD, among whom 154 (65.5%) were male. Pharmacy and outpatient services were mostly utilized healthcare services, however, participants utilized outpatient services less than four times a year. The annual average direct cost of a patient with COPD was 1,605.5 USDs. Some 855, 359, 2,680, and 933 USDs were imposed annually on patients with COPD due to non-medical costs, absenteeism, loss of productivity, and time waste, respectively. Based on the quality indicators assessed during the study, the focus of healthcare providers has been the management of the acute phases of COPD as the blood oxygen levels of more than 80% of participants were documented by pulse oximetry devices. However, chronic phase management was mainly missed as less than a third of participants were referred to smoking and tobacco quit centers and got vaccinated. In addition, less than 10% of participants were considered for rehabilitation services, and only 2% completed four-session rehabilitation services. Conclusion COPD services have focused on inpatient care, where patients experience exacerbation of the condition. Upon discharge, patients do not receive appropriate follow-up services targeting on preventive care for optimal controlling of pulmonary function and preventing exacerbation.

Chronic bronchitis

Disease management

10.3389/fpubh.2023.1112072

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