Level and trend of total plasma cholesterol in national and subnational of Iran: a systematic review and age-spatio-temporal analysis from 1990 to 2016
Parinaz MehdipourEsmaeil MohammadiSadaf G SepanlouAlireza AhmadvandNiloofar PeykariShirin DjalaliniaEhsan Rezaei-DarziFarnam MohebiYousef MoradiMehrnoosh SamaeiArdeshir KhosraviHamidreza JamshidiFarshad FarzadfarFereidoun AziziDavood KhaliliMasoud KhoshniaJalil KouhpayehzadehReza MalekzadehShahin MeratAli MirzazadehKazem MohammadNoushin MohammadifardIraj NabipourMahboubeh ParsaeianAkram PourshamsHossein PoustchiNizal Sarrafzadegan
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To study and analyze the dynamics of the mortality rate of the population of the Irkutsk region from cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in 2010 and 2020 in terms of age and gender.The study included all registered deaths among the population of the Irkutsk region in 2010 and 2020 years in age and gender groups from CVD. The grouping of the material was carried out by distributing the deceased by sex and five-year age intervals (from 15 to 85+ years) with the subsequent calculation of mortality tables. The method of analysis of the time series was used with the calculation of indicators of absolute increase, rate of increase, growth rate, the content of 1% increase in the mortality rate in cases.A significant increase in the 1% increase in mortality among males both in 2010 and in 2020 years was observed starting with the age group 55-59 years. The 1% increase in mortality was 1.24 and 1.69 deaths, respectively. Among females, a significant increase in the 1% increase in mortality was recorded in the 60-64 age group in 2010 year and in the 65-69 age group (1.25 and 1.31 deaths, respectively). In 2020 year, compared to 2010 year, both among females and males in almost all age groups, there was a decrease in the intensity of the 1% increase in mortality cases, except for the 55-59 age group among males. gender and except for age groups 40-44 years old and 55-59 years old among females.In the Irkutsk region, among males, the decrease in the mortality rate from CVD compared with females from 2010 to 2020 years was less pronounced. During the study period of observation, the intensity of the ratio of the increase in the mortality rate from CVD in men to women increased. So, in 2010 year, the maximum ratio was 2.1:1, in 2020 year - 5.0:1. The exponent 1% increase in deaths in males was higher than in females.Изучить и проанализировать динамику показателя смертности населения Иркутской области от цереброваскулярных болезней (ЦВБ) в 2010 и 2020 гг. в возрастно-половом аспекте.В исследование были включены все зарегистрированные случаи смерти населения Иркутской области в 2010 и 2020 гг. в половозрастных группах от ЦВБ. Группировка материала осуществлялась путем распределения умерших по полу и 5-летним возрастным интервалам (от 15 до 85+ лет) с последующим расчетом таблиц смертности. Использовался метод анализа динамического ряда с расчетом показателей абсолютного прироста, темпа прироста, темпа роста, содержания 1% прироста показателя смертности в случаях.Значительное увеличение показателя 1% прироста смертности среди лиц мужского пола как в 2010 г., так и в 2020 г. наблюдалось, начиная с возрастной группы 55—59 лет. Показатель 1% прироста смертности составил 1,24 и 1,69 случая смерти соответственно. Среди лиц женского пола значительное увеличение показателя 1% прироста смертности было зарегистрировано в возрастной группе 60—64 года в 2010 г. и в возрастной группе 65—69 лет (1,25 и 1,31 случая смерти соответственно). В 2020 г. по сравнению с 2010 г. у лиц как женского, так и мужского пола практически во всех возрастных группах наблюдалось уменьшение интенсивности содержания 1% прироста случаев смертности, кроме возрастной группы 55—59 лет у лиц мужского пола и возрастных групп 40—44 года и 55—59 лет у лиц женского пола.В Иркутской области среди лиц мужского пола снижение показателя смертности от ЦВБ по сравнению с лицами женского пола с 2010 г. к 2020 г. было менее выражено. За исследуемый период наблюдения интенсивность соотношения возрастания показателя смертности от ЦВБ мужчин к женщинам увеличилась. Так, в 2010 г. максимальное отношение составило 2,1:1, в 2020 г. — 5,0:1. Экспонента 1% прироста случаев смерти у лиц мужского пола была выше, чем женского.
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Abstract The annual trend of white births of maternal age groups in the United States was analyzed for the years 1973 thru 1980. Monthly means for each age group were subjected to time series analysis with sine curves, using a stepwise, forward‐going regression analysis. The births in the maternal age groups also were compared with an analysis of variance in order to detect differences in trend. Adjacent age groups exhibited different annual trends. The general pattern of births for the period of 12 months was bimodal. The youngest and oldest maternal groups exhibited approximately equal peaks. In the middle age groups the bimodal peaks were unequal, with a major peak in September and a minor peak in February or March. Other smaller differences were present that characterized each of the eight maternal age groups, and minor changes in the annual trends occurred within the period of the study for three of the eight age groups. The relevance of maternal age groups to the peak shift from August to September that occurred in the 1940's was determined: because some maternal age groups exhibited peaks in August and others in September, their effect on the peak shift was estimated and found to be of an order of magnitude to account for the shift. The inadequacy of single sine curve representations of the data were demonstrated and the so‐called “cosinor”; method criticized. A brief consideration of the cause of the annual trends in births emphasized the heterogeneity of the USA population and suggested that homogeneous subgroups may be available and useful. The existence of different annual trends in adjacent age groups may indicate a new category of causative factors, the maturational stage of the response system.
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To determine whether the prevalence of periodontitis in New Zealand adults changed between 1988 and 2009, and, if changes did occur, to determine the nature of any sex differences in those changes.Secondary analysis of data from national oral health surveys conducted in 1988 and 2009.Computation of CPITN-equivalent estimates from the 2009 data, in order to enable direct comparison with the 1988 estimates. The statistical significance of any observed changes was determined by examining for overlapping 95% confidence intervals.For CPITN scores 3 and 4 ("any pocketing"), there was no change in the 20-24 age group, but significant decreases in the 35-44 and 65-74 age groups were observed. Among males, there was a slight increase in the 20-24 age group, and substantial decreases in the 35-44 and 65-74 age groups. Among females, there was a slight increase in the 20-24 age group, and substantial, statistically significant decreases in the 35-44 and 65-74 age groups.There have been significant reductions in the prevalence of periodontitis among people aged 35-44 and 65-74 years over two decades in New Zealand (and most notably among women), but no such reductions were observed among those aged 20-24 years.
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This study examined perceptions of age among Finnish males and females in three age groups; twenty-five to thirty-nine-year-olds ( n = 446), forty to fifty-four-year-olds ( n = 482) and fifty-five to sixty-four-year-olds ( n = 427). The age perceptions of the Finnish sample were further compared with those of a North-American sample with corresponding age groups ( n = 169, n = 187, n = 222) reported by Barak, Stern, and Gould (1988). Four age concepts used were chronological age, subjective age, ideal age, and disparity age. As expected on the basis of previous studies in age identification, no difference was found between Finnish males and females in terms of subjective age. Ideal age, however, differentiated Finnish males and females; the age ideal of females was significantly higher when compared with males with respective chronological ages. The comparison between Finnish and North-Eastern U.S. sample indicated that the latter group had more youthful age identity while the Finns expressed a greater acceptance of their present age status. This was seen in higher subjective and ideal ages of Finns when compared with their North-American counterparts. Socio-cultural differences in terms of meanings associated with chronological age and aging are discussed.
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Spatial analysis of the age structure of the population of Haditha District for the period 1997-2020
The study of the age structure is an important element to follow the changes between different population groups, and based on that, the aim of the study was to study the age structure and its indicators for the population of a modern district with its administrative borders(1997-2020). The study showed that the age structure is constantly changing, as the general trend of the younger age groups is decreasing, which led to a decrease in the proportion of the youngest group (0-14) years. While the middle age groups (15-64 years) their percentages tended to increase. As for the elderly category, it was the least variable in the amount of the ratio and the most volatile and unstable in the direction of change. The relative change in the age structure contributed to the change in the dependency ratio, median age and aging index. The dependency ratio tended to decrease in all its types. As for the median age, as a result of the increase in life expectancy at birth and the increase in the number of the population in the middle age groups, this contributed to raising the median age.
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Abstract The effect of age on the presentation, diagnosis, management and survival of patients with colorectal cancer was studied prospectively in 512 patients admitted to a single institution. In all, 225 patients were aged 70 years or more and 287 less than 70 years. Older patients had a significant excess of emergency presentations (18 versus 11 per cent). Methods of diagnosis, proportion of curative operations performed, stage and histological grade were similar in the two age groups. The postoperative mortality rate was 6 per cent in the elderly group and 3 per cent in younger patients. The postoperative mortality rate rose to 15 and 12 per cent respectively in those undergoing emergency surgery. The relative 5-year survival rate standardized for age and sex was 52 per cent for older patients and 45 per cent for younger patients; for those undergoing curative surgery it was 68 and 59 per cent respectively. The behaviour of colorectal carcinoma changes little with age and, allowing for population mortality, age has no effect on the long-term survival of elderly patients with large bowel cancer.
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The purpose of this research note is to explore the ratio and distribution pattern of motor vehicle crash fatalities by sex and age from 1996 to 2006. Following are the major findings of the analysis: (1) Motor vehicle crash fatalities were higher for males than females in all age groups, while the male population is equal to or less than the female population in all age groups; (2) Compared to all age groups and both sexes, fatality rates increased only among males in the age groups 41 to 45, 46 to 50, and 51 to 55; (3) Among both genders, the age group under 16 steadily declined not only in fatalities but also in fatality rate, whereas the 51-to-55 age group had the highest increase in fatalities; (4) Among females, the over-65 age group had the highest number of fatalities followed by the 16-to-20 age group; and (5) Among males, the age groups 16 to 20, 21 to 25, and over 65 had more crash fatalities than other age groups, and the 46-to-50 age group had the greatest increase in fatality rate.
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Using directly and indirectly standardized mortality indexes in selected sex- and age groups, this paper analyses the age and sex characteristics and the geographical distribution among the 43 Belgian districts of the striking increase in Belgian reported suicide mortality between 1968-72 and 1979-81. Suicide mortality is obviously increasing more in females and in younger age groups, although the increase is still considerable in older age groups. The geographical pattern of generally higher mortality in central and southern districts seem consistent over time and between sexes but differences grow smaller over time, especially in females. A particular epidemiological situation for younger age groups is further suggested by our data.
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First Statistics Annual, which included the population and vital statistics was published in Japan in 1882, and the numbers of death classified by major causes of death were tabulated by sex and age groups and by prefecture. Koch R reported the discovery of tubercle bacilli as the pathogen for TB in 1882, and since the latter half of 1883, the numbers of death due to PTB (Phthisis) were tabulated by prefecture, and by sex and age groups since 1884 annually except for 1885. Based on the population statistics and the numbers of PTB death, PTB (Phthisis) mortality was calculated by sex and age groups, and the results were shown in Table 1. PTB mortality per 100,000 increased from 78.2 in 1884 to 171.9 in 1899. Sex- and age-specific PTB mortality in 1884 showed a pattern increasing with age, and the PTB mortality of male was higher than that of female in adult as shown in Fig. 2. In 1889, low peak of mortality was seen in the age groups 15-19 and 20-29, and in these age groups, the PTB mortality was higher in female than in male. Such trend was seen more markedly in 1894 and 1899, while the rate was higher in male than in female in the age groups over 40. Trend of PTB mortality by sex and age groups was shown in Fig. 3. Rapid increase of PTB mortality in the age groups 10-14 and 20-29 could be explained by the rapid increase of young women workers in fast growing silk and spinning industries, but how rapid increase of PTB mortality in infants be explained? In Statistics Annual, PTB (Phthisis) mortality rate by prefecture was printed, and the summarized table was shown in Table 2. The rates in 1883 and 1884 were calculated from the numbers of PTB death and the B-type population shown in the Statistics Annual, which will be described in the next issue of this paper.
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