Janet Hoek

University of Otago

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Co-Authors

Philip Gendall

University of Otago

Richard Edwards

University of Otago

R A Coutinho

University Medical Center Utrecht

George Thomson

University of Otago

Lindsay Robertson

Cochrane

Nick Wilson

University of Leeds

Mei‐Ling Blank

University of Otago

Louise Marsh

University of Otago

Ninya Maubach

Australian National University

Heather Gifford

Whakauae Research (New Zealand)

Cooperative Institutions

University of Otago

207

University of Auckland

Public Health Service of Amsterdam

University of Amsterdam

Massey University

National Institute for Public Health and the Environment

Academic Medical Center

University of Queensland

UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies

University Medical Center Utrecht

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Ethics and ENDS

Tobacco Control (2022)

Elizabeth Fenton Lindsay Robertson Janet Hoek

As debate persists over regulating electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), those favouring liberal ENDS policies have advanced rights-based arguments privileging harm reduction to people who smoke over harm prevention to children and never-smokers. Recent ethical arguments advocate regulating ENDS to prioritise their harm reduction potential for people who currently smoke over any future harm to young never-smokers. In this article, we critically assess these arguments, in particular, the assumption that ethical arguments for prioritising the interests of young people do not apply to ENDS. We argue that, when the appropriate comparators are used, it is not clear the weight of ethical argument tips in favour of those who currently smoke and against young never-smokers. We also assert that arguments from a resource prioritisation context are not appropriate for analysing ENDS regulation, because ENDS are not a scarce resource. Further, we reject utilitarian arguments regarding maximising net population health benefits, as these do not adequately consider vulnerable groups' rights, or address the population distribution of benefits and harms. Lastly, we argue that one-directional considerations of harm reduction do not recognise that ENDS potentially increase harm to those who do not smoke and who would not otherwise have initiated nicotine use.

harm reduction

Argument (complex analysis)

Harm principle

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057078

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New Zealand tobacco retailers’ understandings of and attitudes towards selling Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: a qualitative exploration

Tobacco Control (2019)

Jerram Bateman Lindsay Robertson Louise Marsh Louise Thornley Janet Hoek

In 2017, the New Zealand Government signalled its intent to legalise the widespread sale of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), which many New Zealand retailers have actually sold for several years. Although ENDS uptake may reduce the harm smokers face, it requires them to adopt an entirely new practice; we therefore explored how effectively existing non-specialist tobacco retailers could advise and support potential quitters.Using in-depth interviews with 18 tobacco retailers (prior to legislative change), we explored knowledge of ENDS, attitudes towards selling ENDS and supporting customers' cessation attempts, perceptions of ENDS' risks and benefits, and views on the proposed legislation.Participants generally had poor knowledge of ENDS products and provided either no advice or gave incorrect information to customers. They believed that the main benefit consumers would realise from using ENDS rather than tobacco would be cost savings; relatively, few saw ENDS as smoking cessation devices. Those who stocked ENDS did so despite reporting very low customer demand, and saw tobacco as more important to their business than ENDS, citing higher repeat business, ancillary sales and rebates. Participants typically supported liberalising ENDS availability, though several expressed concerns about potential youth uptake.Tobacco retailers' limited understanding of ENDS, and the higher value they placed on tobacco, suggests they may have little capacity or inclination to support ENDS users to quit smoking. Licensing schemes for both ENDS and smoked tobacco could simultaneously reduce supply of smoked tobacco while requiring ENDS retailers to meet minimum knowledge standards.

Tobacco Industry

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055173

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Tatuajes, maquillaje permanente y piercings en Amsterdam ; recomendaciones, normativas y vigilancia

Eurosurveillance (2006)

J.A. Worp Albert Boonstra R A Coutinho Janet Hoek

El tatuaje, los piercings y el maquillaje permanente estan volviendose cada vez mas populares. En este articulo se describen los metodos utilizados en esas tecnicas y los riesgos asociados, las recomendaciones del Servicio municipal de salud de Amsterdam, Paises-Bajos, para reducir los riesgos de infecciones, las leyes de la ciudad de Amsterdam, y el resultado de la vigilancia de los estudios de tatuaje y de piercing.

10.2807/esm.11.01.00591-es

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An Evaluation of Cinema Advertising Effectiveness

Jason Dunnett Janet Hoek

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of cinema advertising. Specifically: To quantify the proportion of cinema audiences who had an opportunity to see advertising messages screened prior to a movie; to calculate the number of brands recalled by movie goers exposed to advertising messages; and to detail the level of advertisement recognition displayed by movie goers exposed to advertising messages. The findings raise some questions about the effectiveness of cinema advertising. First, a reasonable proportion of the audience was not exposed to any advertising, although this is, arguably, also a characteristic of other media. Second, the low levels of unprompted recall, the vagueness with which respondents recalled some advertisements, and the varying proportions of respondents able to recall any details about the advertising content, raises more questions than it addresses about cinema advertising and its effectiveness. Overall, it seems reasonable to conclude that, while cinema may fulfil a useful role as a support medium, media schedules in which it is the dominant medium may be unable to generate high frequency.

Vagueness

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Citations (18)

The Smokefree 2025 goal: an opportunity for the new government.

PubMed (2018)

Martin Witt Richard Edwards Janet Hoek George Thomson

Goal setting

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World Salt Awareness Week: more action needed in New Zealand.

Rachael McLean Jim Mann Janet Hoek

World Salt Awareness Week ran from 21 to 27 March 2011. Increasing attention to the detrimental health effects of a high dietary salt intake has led to substantial public health campaigns in the United Kingdom, New York, Finland, Japan, and Canada. Indeed, recent modelling indicates that salt reduction is likely to be one of the most cost-effective population public health interventions for chronic disease reduction available.

Public Health Interventions

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An Investigation of Tobacco Retail Outlets as a Cue for Smoking

Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) (2013)

Suzan Burton Daniela Spanjaard Janet Hoek

Evidence suggests that widespread distribution of tobacco and point of sale (POS) displays of tobacco prompt impulse purchases and cue smoking. As a result, health researchers have argued for a reduction in the number of tobacco retail outlets. However, with tobacco products now removed from display in many countries, there has been very little evidence to indicate whether decreasing the number of tobacco retail outlets will result in reduced smoking prevalence. Using a combination of in-depth interviews and near-real-time electronic diary data collected from 31 smokers and attempting quitters, we examined their responses to exposure to tobacco outlets. The findings provide the first evidence that even in the absence of POS displays, the mere sight of tobacco retail outlets can trigger impulse tobacco purchases and increase smoking frequency. The findings support calls to restrict tobacco distribution.

Point of sale

10.1016/j.ausmj.2013.08.003

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Citations (28)

Sponsorship: An Evaluation of Management Assumptions and Practices

Janet Hoek

The rapid growth of sponsorship has not been paralleled by increased sophistication in management practices. This commentary argues that managers’ reliance on c ognitive behavioural frameworks complicates sponsorship evaluation and leads managers to set unclear objectives. An alternative framework, which proposes a more explicit behavioural orientation, is proposed and evaluated. Contractual issues which have arguably inhibited full exploitation of sponsorship arrangements are also discussed, and means of overcoming these are evaluated. The commentary concludes that a more behavioural approach is required if sponsorship is to avoid being more than a philanthropic gesture.

Sophistication

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Citations (28)

Fighting the Force of Chaos? Developing a Research Focus

Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) (2008)

Janet Hoek

10.1016/s1441-3582(08)70016-8

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A qualitative analysis of messages to promote smoking cessation among pregnant women

BMJ Open (2014)

Janet Hoek Heather Gifford Ninya Maubach Rhiannon Newcombe

Although aware that smoking while pregnant presents serious risks to their unborn children, some women continue to smoke and rationalise their dissonance rather than quit. We explored metaphors women used to frame smoking and quitting, then developed cessation messages that drew on these metaphors and examined the perceived effectiveness of these.We used a two-phase qualitative study. Phase one involved 13 in-depth interviews with women who were smoking (or who had smoked) while pregnant. Phase two comprised 22 in-depth interviews with a new sample drawn from the same population.Data were analysed using thematic analysis, which promoted theme identification independently of the research protocol.Participants often described smoking as a choice, a frame that explicitly asserted control over their behaviour. This stance allowed them to counter-argue messages to quit, and distanced them from the risks they created and faced. Messages tested in phase 2 used strong affective appeals as well as themes that stimulated cognitive reflection. Without exception, the messages depicting unwell or distressed children elicited strong emotional responses, were more powerful cessation stimuli, and elicited fewer counter-arguments.Cessation messages that evoke strong affective responses capitalise on the dissonance many women feel when smoking while pregnant and stimulate stronger consideration of quitting. Given the importance of promoting cessation among pregnant women, future campaigns could make greater use of emotional appeals and place less emphasis on informational approaches, which often prompt vigorous counter-arguments.

10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006716

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Citations (17)