A qualitative analysis of messages to promote smoking cessation among pregnant women
17
Citation
35
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Although aware that smoking while pregnant presents serious risks to their unborn children, some women continue to smoke and rationalise their dissonance rather than quit. We explored metaphors women used to frame smoking and quitting, then developed cessation messages that drew on these metaphors and examined the perceived effectiveness of these.We used a two-phase qualitative study. Phase one involved 13 in-depth interviews with women who were smoking (or who had smoked) while pregnant. Phase two comprised 22 in-depth interviews with a new sample drawn from the same population.Data were analysed using thematic analysis, which promoted theme identification independently of the research protocol.Participants often described smoking as a choice, a frame that explicitly asserted control over their behaviour. This stance allowed them to counter-argue messages to quit, and distanced them from the risks they created and faced. Messages tested in phase 2 used strong affective appeals as well as themes that stimulated cognitive reflection. Without exception, the messages depicting unwell or distressed children elicited strong emotional responses, were more powerful cessation stimuli, and elicited fewer counter-arguments.Cessation messages that evoke strong affective responses capitalise on the dissonance many women feel when smoking while pregnant and stimulate stronger consideration of quitting. Given the importance of promoting cessation among pregnant women, future campaigns could make greater use of emotional appeals and place less emphasis on informational approaches, which often prompt vigorous counter-arguments.Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) are the enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis and inactivation of the second messengers, cAMP and cGMP. Eleven PDE families are described to date, and selective inhibitors of some PDEs families are currently used in clinic for treating cardiovascular disorders, erectile dysfunction, and pulmonary hypertension. Isoforms of the PDE4 family are involved in smooth muscle contraction and inflammation. PDE4 selective inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of diseases related to inflammatory disorders. Because of their myorelaxant properties, we first examined their expression in human myometrium and uncover an increased expression of one specific isoform, PDE4B2, in the near-term myometrium as compared to myometrium in the nonpregnant state. Using human myometrial cells in culture, we demonstrated that PDE4B2 can be induced by its own substrate, under the control of one of the major utero-contractile agonists, PGE2, itself upregulated by the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Functionally, augmentation of global PDE4 activity decreases the ability of β-adrenergic agonists (the most commonly used tocolytic drugs) to inhibit myometrial contraction at the end of pregnancy and during pathophysiological situations, such as persistent intrauterine inflammation which is a major cause of very preterm delivery. Currently exploring the anti-inflammatory properties of PDE4 inhibitors in gestational tissues, we recently demonstrated the ability of these drugs to block a persistent inflammatory response of the foetal membranes in Humans and to prevent inflammation-driven preterm delivery and foetal demise in mice. These data open up a new therapeutical strategy to prevent inflammation-induced preterm delivery and its sequelae in very preterm infants.
Preterm labour
Cite
Citations (25)
Smoking cessation improves disease prognoses and decreases the risk of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease.This study was designed to increase the six-month smoking cessation rate to more than 45% for hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease.Data analysis found a current smoking cessation rate of zero percent. Strategies to raise this rate significantly included implementing a referral system, regulating case managers and follow-up procedures, providing smoking cessation guidelines, distributing patient education handouts, setting up an information system to facilitate smoking cessation case management, and implementing smoking cessation education programs for health professionals.The smoking cessation referral rate increased to 100% and the six-months smoking cessation rate rose to 50%.This project leveraged interdisciplinary cooperation to increase the rate of smoking cessation in hospitalized patients. It also introduced the unique function of case manager who is charged with systemically following up with patients to improve the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs.
Cite
Citations (0)
Is gradual smoking cessation associated with poorer success rates than abrupt cessation in smokers who want to quit?Gradual reduction may not be associated with a clinically significant difference in smoking cessation rates compared with abrupt cessation.
Quit smoking
Cite
Citations (13)
Cite
Citations (1)
To investigate Finnish dentists' smoking cessation related attitudes, consultation practices and familiarity with the local treatment guideline on smoking cessation.An online questionnaire was sent to 1740 dentists, which corresponds to 39% of dentists in Finland. A total of 456 dentists responded (response rate 26%), of whom 435 (95%) were clinicians. The dentists' smoking cessation practices were also compared to ones reported in a previous study in Finnish physicians.Dentists found smoking cessation important and often discussed and recommended quitting to the patients, but concrete withdrawal actions were seldom provided. The local treatment guideline on smoking cessation was actively utilized by 36% of the dentists. Adherence to the guideline was associated with higher rates of smoking cessation activities and success in them. Smoking cessation activity among dentists was significantly lower than in Finnish physicians. In accordance with the literature, among dentists, the most common barriers for smoking cessation were lack of time (44%) and education (42%).Although smoking cessation is discussed with patients, dentists are less active in taking concrete actions to support the patient on withdrawal. Adherence to the local treatment guideline was associated with better capabilities in dealing with tobacco withdrawal and a more active role in smoking cessation. The results suggest that more education on the local smoking cessation treatment guideline and cessation intervention is needed in order to overcome the remaining barriers to promoting effective smoking cessation in dental practice.
Guideline
Cite
Citations (7)
Quit smoking
Cite
Citations (0)
日本では、禁煙治療として2006年からニコチン依存管理料が保険適用となり、2008年から禁煙補助薬であるバレニクリン(チャンピックス)が保険適用となった。喫煙率低下に向け、禁煙治療も大きく影響しており、定期的な禁煙治療の評価を行い、有効な禁煙治療を行っていく必要がある。今回我々は、2009年10月1日から2012年3月31日までに禁煙外来にて治療を行った130名(男性97名、女性33名)を対象に、禁煙成功群と禁煙失敗群に分類し、年齢、性別、ブリンクマン指数、TDS、初診時CO濃度値について両者の差異を比較した。有意差が認められたものはブリンクマン指数のみであり、禁煙成功群の方が高い値となった。 また、禁煙治療の5回受診を完了した者(5回通院者)は、禁煙成功群93名のうち69名であり、禁煙失敗群では、37名のうち5名であった。禁煙成功率と通院中断の有無に有意差が認められ、禁煙治療5回のプログラムを最後まで通院することが、禁煙の成功を有意に高めていた。 禁煙成功群を対象にし、計5回の禁煙治療終了時点で4週間以上の禁煙に成功している者を完全成功群と定義し、計5回の禁煙治療を中止した者のうち、中断時期から4週間以上の禁煙に成功している者を中断成功群と定義した。禁煙成功群93名のうち、完全成功群は69名、中断成功群は24名であった。完全成功群と中断成功群の1年後の禁煙継続率は完全成功群が73.1%に対し、中断成功群は65.2%であったが、これらの有意差は認められなかった。しかし、2年後の禁煙継続率を見ると、完全成功群が51.1%、中断成功群は31.7%であり、長期的に見ると完全成功群の方が高い値であった。 これらのことから、禁煙治療プログラム5回全てに来院することが禁煙治療成功に繋がりやすく、また、長期的な禁煙継続にも影響していると考えられた。
Quit smoking
Cite
Citations (3)
The Problem and Effectiveness of Abrupt Cessation and Gradual Cessation for Smokers Who Want to Quit
Smoking has become one of the critical factors endangering human health. Under increasing personal health threats, many smokers have tried to escape from this habit. For those who want to quit smoking completely, whether adopt abrupt cessation or gradual cessation has been a controversial topic for many years. Abrupt cessation refers to quit smoking abruptly, without any nicotine intaking in the cessation period. Gradual cessation refers to quit smoking gradually, lowering the nicotine intake through the cessation period. So far, in this field, many researchers have stood with the opinion supporting the abrupt cessation, saying that abrupt cessation is effective in reducing smoking behavior and the chance of relapse. This article reviews the existing papers, aiming to evaluate the supporting information on abrupt cessation and gradual cessation, and give out an overview of existing controversy. The result suggests that the effectiveness of abrupt cessation cannot be neglected. However, through the consideration of smokers' preferences, the severity of being addicted, and drug intervention, gradual cessation may play a more critical role.
Quit smoking
Cite
Citations (0)
Cite
Citations (0)
Abstract Smoking cessation decreases the chances of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improves medical outcomes in public health. Cessation of smoking is associated with many important health and quality of life benefits. The use of withdrawal medications is recommended to increase the probability of cessation. However, there is a longstanding and growing concern that smoking cessation treatments may increase the risk of cardiovascular events during the cessation period. The purpose of this study is to specifically assess the importance of smoking cessation and the use of smoking cessation treatments for their effects on cardiovascular outcomes, including lipid profiles, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, carotid atherosclerosis, intimal thickness, and body mass index. weight changes. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health problem, and smoking cessation has been shown to be an effective strategy for reducing CVD risk and improving overall health outcomes. Smoking cessation medications and therapies are recommended to increase your chances of successful cessation of smoking. However, concerns have been raised about a potential transient increase in cardiovascular events associated with smoking cessation treatment during the cessation period. The aim of this systematic review is to find out the effects of smoking cessation and smoking cessation treatment on various cardiovascular outcomes. This systematic review provides valuable information about smoking, the application of smoking cessation therapies, and their effects on cardiovascular disease.
Cite
Citations (0)