High-entropy-alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) show great potential as electrocatalysts for water splitting, fuel cells, CO2 conversion, etc. However, fine-tuning the surface, morphology, structure, and crystal phase of HEA remains a great challenge. Here, the high-temperature liquid shock (HTLS) technique is applied to produce HEA-NPs, e.g., PtCoNiRuIr HEA-NPs, with tunable elemental components, ultrafine particle size, controlled crystal phases, and lattice strains. HTLS directly applied Joule heating on the liquid mixture of metal precursors, capping agents, and reducing agents, which is feasible for controlling the morphology and structure such as the atomic arrangement of the resulting products, thereby facilitating the rationally designed nanocatalysts. Impressively, the as-obtained PtCoNiRuIr HEA-NPs delivered superior activity and long-term stability for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with low overpotentials at 10 mA cm–2 and 1 A cm–2 of only 18 and 408 mV, respectively, and 10000 CV stable cycles in 0.5 M H2SO4. Furthermore, in the near future, by combining the HTLS method with artificial intelligence (AI) and theoretical calculations, it is promising to provide an advanced platform for the high-throughput synthesis of HEA nanocatalysts with optimized performance for various energy applications, which is of great significance for achieving a carbon-neutral society with an effective and environmentally friendly energy system.
In this work, we report an element segregation phenomenon in two-dimensional (2D) core-shell nanoplates, subsequently resulting in the formation of yolk-cage nanostructures after selective electrochemical etching. By using PtCu nanoplates as templates, PtCu@Pd core-shell nanoplates are formed. Interestingly, during the growth of Ru on the PtCu@Pd core-shell nanoplates, due to the selective element diffusion, PtCuPd@PdCu@Ru nanoplates are obtained. After selectively etching of PdCu in PtCuPd@PdCu@Ru using electrochemical method, the PtCuPd@Ru yolk-cage nanostructures are obtained. As a proof-of-concept application, this unique nanostructure shows superior electrocatalytic activity and stability toward the methanol oxidation reaction as compared to the PtCu nanoplates and commercial Pt/C catalyst.
A commercial thermoplastic screen printing ink is employed as the binder of conductive adhesive (ECA). The electrically resistivity of 3.6 × 10 -5 Ω·cm is observed at 80 wt% silver loading. The printed circuit based with the ECA is foldable because of the thermoplastic nature of the binder, and it is sufficiently reliable for the practical application. The lap shear test indicates the shear strength of the ECA is 12.5 MPa. Due to the excellent mechanical property and the processability of the resin binder, this formulation is especially advantageous in the application of flexible electronics applications with the features of low cost and convenience for fabrication.
Energy storage devices have become more indispensable in our lives. Among various energy storage devices, supercapacitors have been considered as one of the most promising candidates. In terms of the components of supercapacitor, current collector plays a significant role in enhancing the performance of the supercapacitors. Here we report a novel current collector preparation method through depositing nickel nanocone arrays structure on stainless steel plates. The average height of the nanocones was ~800nm, and its aspect ratio was about 4, which greatly increased the surface area. Owing to its dislocation growth mechanism, the surface of nanocones was rough, which efficiently improved the adhesion with active materials. In order to demonstrate this novel current collector, manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) was deposited on stainless steel with nickel nanocone arrays. Results showed that the specific capacitance of the nickel nanocone array supported MnO 2 which was investigated in 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 was 351 F/g. It is worth mentioning that the preparation of the novel current collector can be fabricated in large-scale by roll-to-roll process, which greatly promotes the application of the novel current collector.
Microelectronics and micromechanical systems (MEMS) are gaining popularity by virtue of small size, high integration, diverse functionalities, mass production and low cost. However, the existing current cutting-off fuse components can hardly be used in a microelectronics or micromechanical system to realize circuit protection due to their large size and high fusing current. Herein we report a novel current cutting-off fuse component based on printed electrically conductive nanocomposites (ECCs), which are composed of silver microdendrites with fractal morphology as the fusible conductive fillers and the thermosetting resin matrix. The silver paste was pasted between two copper electrodes with controlled space. The current cutting-off performance of the fuses was investigated within different silver fillers, various paste sizes, and diverse electrode spaces. The results show that, the silver dendrite-based paste can be fused at a relative low current due to its abundant nano-sized rims at the edge of the dendrite branches. Furthermore, the minimum fusing current (530 mA) was achieved when the silver flake-based paste was dispensed between two electrodes with distance of 100 μm and width of 30 μm. It is obvious that the fusing current attenuates gradually with the increase of space between two copper electrodes, and the silver paste in large spot size possesses higher fusing current than in small one. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses suggest that the silver fillers go through the melting and shrinking stages during the fusing process, thus the adjacent silver fillers separate to break the circuit. Considering the low material cost and negligible environmental risk, this novel current cutting-off fuse can provide cost-effective and environmental-friendly protection for MEMS devices.
Abstract Functional nanomaterials are playing a crucial role in the emerging field of energy‐related devices. Recently, as a novel synthesis method, high‐temperature shock (HTS), which is rapid, low cost, eco‐friendly, universal, scalable, and controllable, has provided a promising option for the rational design and synthesis of various high‐quality nanomaterials. In this report, the HTS technique, including the equipment setup and operating principle, is systematically introduced, and recent progress in the synthesis of nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion applications using this HTS method is summarized. The growth mechanisms of nanoparticles and carbonaceous nanomaterials are thoroughly discussed, followed by the summary of the characteristic advantages of the HTS strategy. A series of nanomaterials prepared by the HTS method, including carbon‐based films, metal nanoparticles and compound nanoparticles, show high performance in the diverse applications of storage energy batteries, highly active catalysts, and smart energy devices. Finally, the future perspectives and directions of HTS in nanomanufacturing for broader applications are presented.
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