Abstract Background and Aims Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune vesiculobullous mucocutaneous disorder with life‐threatening consequences. Early detection and adequate care are crucial for a good prognosis. This study aimed to determine the demographic data, clinical features, and the prognosis of patients with oral pemphigus vulgaris. Materials and Methods From 2001 to 2021, all diagnosed oral pemphigus vulgaris cases were extracted. Each patient's demographic and clinical data were gathered. Patients were called via phone to assess the prognosis, treatment type, and specialty of the physician who provided the diagnosis and therapy. Results The majority of the patients had only oral lesions with higher prevalence in female who also expressed severe pain than male. Only 14 of 29 patients responded phone calls. Except for one, all patients were in active disease. More than half of those respondents said pemphigus negatively affects social behavior and food intake. Correct diagnosis and treatment were decided by dermatology, oral medicine, and maxillofacial surgery specialists. Conclusion Oral pemphigus vulgaris was prevalent in females. Severe pain was common in females and older people. Even with effective therapy, the prognosis was poor. Medical and dental professionals had little knowledge of pemphigus vulgaris. Patients frequently report poor quality of life.
Background: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) and peripheral giant cell granuloma(PGCG) are pathological conditions of the jaws that share the same microscopic features, but differ clinically in terms of their behavior. While the giant cell tumor (GCT) of long bones is a rare benign neoplasm, tend to affect femur and tubular bone, characterized by local aggressiveness, high recur- rence rates and metastasis to the lung. Objectives: To evaluate, compare and correlate the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and VEGF in peripheral and central giant cell granu - loma of the jaw and giant cell tumor of long bones. Methods: A total of 60 retrospective formalin- fixed, paraffine-embeded specimens of giant cell lesions of the jaws and long bones, where included in this study. An immunohistochemical staining with TNF-α , IL-6 and VEGF monoclonal antibodies were performed. Results: TNF-α, IL-6 and VEGF were expressedin all lesions. The PGCG comparedto the CGCG and GCT showed significantly in - creased expression of TNF-α and decreased expression of VEGF by the stromal cells..GCT showed increased expression of VEGF by M NGCs and stromal cells .There is a non significant difference between CGCG and GCT regarding the expression of all three cytokines. Conclusions: The present study confirmed the usefulness TNF-α,IL-6 and VEGF in evaluating osteoclastogenesis. The results of this study proved that the biological activity of TNF-α, IL-6 and VEGF was comparable between the central giant cell granuloma and giant cell tumors, supporting the observations that these two lesions are the same entity and have the same biological behavior.
Background: Gingival enlargement, the currently accepted terminology or an increase in the size of the gingiva. Local and systemic factors influence the gingival conditions of the patient. These factors result in a spectrum of diseases that can be developmental, reactive and inflammatory to neoplastic. Inflammatory gingival enlargement is the most common one; it is an inflammatory restraint to local irritant correlating with the gingiva.
Material and method: The study involved 15 tissue blocks of inflammatory gingival hyperplasia taken from the archives of oral pathology, laboratory of oral diagnosis department, collage of dentistry/university of Baghdad. Immunohistochemical expression of Vimentin, E-Chdaherin and α-SMA was assessed.
Results: Vimentin and E-Chadherin immunoreactivity of the connective tissue fibroblasts showed 100% positivity, while Alphasmooth muscle actin staining was mostly seen in the endothelial lined blood vessels with a few myofibroblast with in the connective tissue being stained positive. In this article we sought to investigate if the Epithelial mesenchymal transition theory participitated in the advancement of this benign lesion.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease related to aggressive proliferation of histiocytes that could be a multisystem involvement disease. The diagnosis is based on the histopathological finding. Oral findings should carefully be considered when extensive periodontal involvement is seen in comparison to marginal periodontitis.
Abstract Background and aims Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) is a benign odontogenic neoplasm of epithelial origin that secretes an amyloid‐like protein tending towards calcification. This study aims to describe a case series from Iraq of one of the rarest odontogenic tumours. Materials and methods Clinical and histopathological analysis of Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour cases that are archived at the oral pathology laboratory of the college of dentistry (Baghdad University) from 2000 to 2019. Results Six cases of CEOT were registered in the mentioned period. One of them was a peripheral variant, the rarest subtype. The mean age of cases was 30 years, with two patients less than 15 years old. Histopathological examination revealed a classical Pindborg in four cases, while the other two cases were a clear cell and non‐calcifying types. Conclusions The awareness of the wide range of differences in the clinical and pathological features of this tumour provides more information about its various features that would help achieve a higher level of accuracy in its diagnosis and evaluation.
Abstract Background: Oral findings in acute leukemia (AL) are common and could be the presenting feature of the disease, namely, gingival enlargement, ulceration, bleeding, and infection. Gingival enlargement in AL is either due to leukemic infiltration, or due to reactive hyperplasia. To differentiate between them a biopsy is required, but being highly contraindicated, biopsy has been substituted in this study by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Method: Gingival FNAC was performed on different sites in the upper and lower gingiva. Each site represents an interdental papilla, which was selected according to the clinical presentation, i.e., being enlarged or not. Seventy‐two adult AL patients received a cytological and clinical examination in this study, and the cases were classified and categorized according to the French‐American‐British (FAB) criteria. Results: Twenty‐one cases were diagnosed as being infiltrated, 16 with gingival enlargement, 4 with no evidence of enlargement. In one case the infiltration affected the alveolar mucosa of an edentulous patient. In six cases the ginigva was enlarged without being infiltrated (reactive hyperplasia). Leukemic gingival enlargement was seen mostly in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, particularly M4 and M5 subtypes; however, two patients with acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL) were both affected with leukemic infiltration. Conclusion: FNAC was shown to be a simple, non‐traumatic and useful diagnostic procedure for screening leukemic infiltration in gingival tissues in AL patients.
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