A compact superconducting lowpass filter (LPF) composed of a pair of symmetrical parallel coupled lines, a cross‐shaped patch and a modified E‐type feeding structure is proposed. The filter is successfully designed and fabricated on MgO substrate with a compact size of 10.0 × 15.0 mm. Measured results match well with simulation results. The LPF has a 3 dB cut‐off frequency of 2.18 GHz, relative stopband bandwidth of 160%, and 0.06 dB insertion loss in the passband. For attenuation level of −18.5 dB, stopband bandwidth is from 3.16 to 19.25 GHz.
Trace alignment can improve the subsequent side-channel analysis against the trace. Most current trace alignment schemes are, however, typically operated under a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which demands them to be noise reduced before alignment when practical applications in the complex environment. In this paper, we propose a novel strategy for applying adaptive filtering in trace alignment preprocessing under low SNR conditions. The approach selects a trace as the reference signal of the adaptive filter, and the impulse response describing the trace offset is calculated iteratively for each trace. Different from conventional trace alignment methods, the error between the two traces in iteration determines how to eliminate the offset between trace, which eliminate most of the noise effects in the iteration process. In parallel, the filter after iterating will also function as a low-pass filter in the alignment process. Experimental studies based on three side-channel datasets demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. Compared with other alignment methods, with the reasonable computational resource cost and complexity, the average number of traces required has reduced the average number of traces required by 75%, the average confidence has improved by 60%, and the success rate has increased by 72%. Our approach provides great potential for applications in trace alignment preprocessing of side-channel analysis.
A new type of side-chain liquid-crystalline polysiloxane was synthesised by graft copolymerisation, using (trans, trans)-4-propyl-4'-vinylbicyclohexane exhibiting platelet texture of a blue phase as a mesogenic monomer. The graft copolymerisation was confirmed by characterising the chemical structure of the mesogenic monomer and the polymer by FT-IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. Microstructures of the mesogenic monomer and the polymer were analysed by polarising optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Thermal properties of the mesogenic monomer and the polymer were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Meanwhile, the spherulite texture of the polymeric smectic A phase of the mesogenic polymer was revealed in the cooling process by polarising optical microscopy. This texture is uncommon in other liquid crystalline polymers.
We have calculated the tensile moduli of nanomaterials having lamellar microstructures prepared through the self-assembly of a polydisperse diblock copolymer. We observed that the extensional moduli K33 provided the major contribution to the tensile modulus and that the value of K33 depended mainly on the contribution of K33U (the internal energy contribution to K33). We found that a larger polydispersity index (PDI) weakens the material for our polydisperse model; we attribute this phenomenon to the larger lamellar domain size at equilibrium when the polydispersity of the block increases and to the competition between short and long chains. We found that longer chains in this system strengthen the material, but shorter chains weaken it as a result of the influence of the PDI. The shear modulus contributed negligibly to the extensional moduli.
In order to find out the gene markers related to the high jelly quantity trait in Western honey, genomic DNA from four kinds of Apis mellifera Lindauer were amplified with 12 random primers. A differential DNA fragment P 2 316 bp related to this trait was obtained from the polymorphic electrophoretic map of the PCR product with one of the primers.The results of Southern hybridization showed that this DNA fragment can only be the DNA of Apis mellifera Lindauer with high jelly quantity trait .It is concluded that the DNA fragment P 2 316 bp could be a specific gene marker of the high jelly quantity trait of Apis mellifera Lindauer.
We consider a free energy, within the framework of the Onsager approximation, for a spatially and orientationally inhomogeneous distribution of hard rods confined on a spherical surface. These rods interact with each other though the excluded-volume interaction, forming a textured nematic structure on the spherical surface at high surface coverage. Our numerical solution to the model shows that the splay state, where on average rods line up in parallel to the longitudes on the spherical surface, is the only stable state. Other types of textures that have recently been suggested were also tested and all yield higher free energy than that of a ground splay state. We also provide a study of the disorder-splay transition, which is shown to have first-order characteristics.
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