Subconjunctival fibrosis is the main cause of failure after glaucoma filtration surgery. We explored the effects of sulforaphane (SFN) on the conversion of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) into myofibroblasts, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced contraction of collagen gel, and inflammation.
Professional development of teachers is,in fact,the enrichment of teachers'life.The curricula on higher teacher education shall pay attention to nourishing students for their life and growth.Based onpersonal experienceof value orientation,humanistic education shall be introduced into curricula.To help the students of normal institutes achieve perfect life,the life experience shall be placed onto the practice of curricula while emphasizing its enhancement and evaluation.
Objective: To evaluate the value of the central compartment neck dissection for cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods: The clinical data of 67 cases with cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma were studied.The central compartment lymph node dissection was routinely performed during cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma operation and the specimens were sent for pathological examination.Results:The lymph node metastasis incidence was 50.7% in 67 cN0 cases.The lymph node metastasis rate was related with the carcinoma invaded thyroid envelope(χ2 =8.76,P0.01) and age of 45 or more than 45 years(χ2 =4.30,P0.05) but not with the diameter of the tumors(χ2 =0.42,P0.05).There were no such complications as laryngeal nerves injury and hypocalcaemia tenancy.Conclusion: It is necessary and safe to perform central compartment neck dissection during cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma operation.
Abstract Analogous to the technique CO2 huff-n-puff, it has been determined that the preliminary injection of a predetermined volume of supercritical CO2, serving as a pre-fracturing fluid, holds significant promise in augmenting EOR and facilitate carbon storage from shale oil reservoirs when applied prior to hydraulic fracturing procedures. However, regardless of whether it's pre-CO2 energized fracturing or post-hydraulic fracturing CO2 huff-n-puff, the coexistence of oil-CO2-water in shale reservoirs leads to complex phase behavior and flow characteristics. To this end, this study firstly designs and conducts three-phasic experimental tests involving shale oil, CO2 and water. This is achieved by varying the order of CO2 and water injections into the shale oil to simulate both pre-CO2 energized fracturing and post-hydraulic fracturing CO2 huff-n-puff. Subsequently, based on the results of PVT experimental, further established a phase behavior calculation model of oil-CO2-water and used it to construct a numerical simulation model that takes into account the stress sensitivity of the SRV transformation zone, formulated the injection and production parameters of pre-CO2 energized fracturing and explored the fluid distribution mechanism at different stages. The equilibrium experiments and numerical simulations indicate that due to the dissolution of CO2 in water, the presence of the aqueous phase reduces the solubility of CO2 in oil, thereby diminishing the interaction intensity between CO2 and crude oil. The saturation pressure under the coexistence of oil-CO2-water three-phase behavior is lower than that of the oil-CO2 system. Furthermore, this phenomenon becomes more pronounced with the increase in water saturation. For pre-CO2 energized fracturing, compared with post-hydraulic fracturing CO2 huff-n-puff, the degree of dissolution of CO2 in water can be significantly reduced, which is conducive to the dissolution of CO2 in oil. Therefore, pre-injection of CO2 can maximize the use of CO2 and reduce unnecessary waste. Pre-CO2 energized fracturing can make CO2 spread more widely, effectively promote contact with oil to improve oil physical properties, and inhibit CO2 flowback ratio during the drainage process, which is conducive to carbon storage. Compared to the conventional CO2 huff-n-puff technique, pre-CO2 energized fracturing in horizontal wells can markedly ameliorate crude oil recovery. This research enhances our understanding of the oil-CO2-water phase behavior and fluid distribution with pre-CO2 energized fracturing in shale reservoirs, potentially offering insight for efficient shale oil reservoir development.
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The pore-throat radius of the shale oil reservoir is extremely small, and it is difficult to accurately obtain the absolute permeability and oil–water two-phase relative permeability of the actual oil reservoir through conventional core experiments. However, these parameters are very important for reservoir numerical simulation. In this paper, a method for characterizing flow parameters based on a pore network model that considers differential pressure flow and diffusion flow is proposed. Firstly, a digital core was reconstructed using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) from the Gulong shale reservoir in the Songliao Basin, China, and a pore network model was extracted. Secondly, quasi-static single-phase flow and two-phase flow equations considering diffusion were established in the pore network model. Finally, pore-throat parameters, absolute permeability, and oil–water two-phase permeability curves were calculated, respectively. The results show that the pore-throat distribution of the Gulong shale reservoir is mainly concentrated in the nanometer scale; the mean pore radius is 87 nm, the mean throat radius is 41 nm, and the mean coordination number is 3.97. The calculated permeability considering diffusion is 0.000124 mD, which is approximately twice the permeability calculated without considering diffusion. The irreducible water saturation of the Gulong shale reservoir is approximately 0.4, and the residual oil saturation is approximately 0.35. The method proposed in this paper can provide an important approach for characterizing the flow parameters of similar shale oil reservoirs.
In this study, a novel nanomaterial Cu2O/SiO2 was synthesized based on nano-SiO2, and the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of Cu2O/SiO2 on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) were studied. At the same time, the mechanism of Cu2O/SiO2 inhibiting the growth of M. aeruginosa was discussed from the aspects of Cu2+ release, chlorophyll a destruction, oxidative damage, total protein, and the phycobiliprotein of algae cells. The results showed that low doses of Cu2O/SiO2 could promote the growth of M. aeruginosa. When the concentration of Cu2O/SiO2 reached 10 mg/L, it exhibited the best inhibitory effect on M. aeruginosa, and the relative inhibition rate reached 294% at 120 h. In terms of the algae inhibition mechanism, Cu2O/SiO2 will release Cu2+ in the solution and induce metal toxicity to algae cells. At the same time, M. aeruginosa might suffer oxidative damage by the free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals released from Cu2O/SiO2, affecting the physiological characteristics of algae cells. Moreover, after the addition of Cu2O/SiO2, a decrease in the content of chlorophyll a, total soluble protein, and phycobiliprotein was found, which eventually led to the death of M. aeruginosa. Therefore, Cu2O/SiO2 can be used as an algaecide inhibitor for controlling harmful cyanobacteria blooms.
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