Objective
To compare the influence of ziprasidone and paliperidone on PANSS scores, PRL and body weight of female patients with schizophrenia.
Methods
140 female patients with schizophrenia were chosen, and they were randomly divided into group A (70 patients) with ziprasidone and group B (70 patients) with paliperidone.The clinical efficacy, PANSS score, PRL levels and body weight before and after treatment, and incidence of adverse effects were compared between the two groups.
Results
There was no significant difference in the clinical effects between the two groups(χ2=1.27, P>0.05). After treatment, the PANSS scores of both two groups were significantly better than those before treatment(t=2.78, 3.31, 3.06, 3.50, 2.90, 3.38, 3.17, 3.62, all P 0.05). After treatment, the PRL level of group A was significantly higher than that before treatment(t=2.65, P 0.05). There were no significant differences in the body weight between the two groups(t=1.10, 0.97, 0.88, all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(χ2=1.03, P>0.05).
Conclusion
Ziprasidone and paliperidone in the treatment of female patients with schizophrenia has the same clinical effects and safety; but compared with paliperidone, ziprasidone in the treatment of female patients with schizophrenia can efficiently avoid the impact on the PRL levels of patients and reduce the risk of high serum PRL.
Key words:
Schizophrenia; Ziprasidone; Paliperidone; Female
Tumor microenvironment is composed of all the untransformed elements in the vicinity of tumor, mainly including a large number of stromal cells and extracellular matrix proteins, which play an active role in most solid tumor initiation and progression. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one of the most common stromal cell types in the tumor microenvironment, have been demonstrated to be involved in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, they are becoming a promising target for anti-cancer therapies. In this review, we firstly summarize the current understandings of CAFs' molecular biology, including the heterogeneous cellular origins and molecular markers, and then, we focus on reviewing their various tumor-promoting phenotypes involved in complex mechanisms, which can be summarized to the CAF-conveyed paracrine signals in tumor cells, cancer stem cells, and metastasis-initiating cancer cells, as well as the CAF-enhanced extrinsic tumor-promoting processes including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and tumor-related inflammation; finally, we describe the available directions of CAF-based target therapy and suggest research areas which need to be further explored so as to deepen the understanding of tumor evolution and provide new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
To study the effect of Eupolyphaga fibrinolyric protein (EFP) on microvessel density (MVD) and the expression of vascular endthelial growth factor in transplantation S180 and H22 mice.The MVD in tumor was measured with immunohistochemical SP method and the VEGF level in serum was measured with ELISA method.Compared with the control group, EFP could significantly reduce the microvessel density and decrease the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor.EFP has the effect of anti-angiogenesis.
Human leukocyte antigen‑G (HLA‑G) is a non‑classical HLA molecule, predominantly expressed in cytotrophoblast cells to protect the fetus during pregnancy. Notably, a high frequency of HLA‑G expression has been observed in a wide variety of cancer types in previous studies. Furthermore, HLA‑G expression in cancer has been considered to be detrimental, since it can protect cancer cells from natural killer cell cytotoxic T lymphocyte‑mediated destruction, promote tumor spreading and shorten the survival time of patients by facilitating tumor immune evasion. In addition, HLA‑G polymorphisms have been investigated in numerous types of cancer and are considered as risk factors and predictive markers of cancer. This review focuses on HLA‑G expression and its polymorphisms in cancer, analyzing the mechanisms of HLA‑G in promoting cancer development, and evaluating the potential and value of its clinical application as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, or even as a prospective therapeutic target in certain types of tumors.
With the advance of high-throughout sequencing technology and its extensive application in clinical diagnosis, analysis of sequencing data has become an important part of clinical diagnosis. To date, the development and establishment of various software and databases have made it convenient to extract useful information from massive amounts of high-throughput sequencing data. However, it is still a challenge for correlating the clinical-genetic diagnosis based on the above-mentioned sequence data with the screened DNA variations and disease phenotypes. Further validation of the proposed pathogenesis with the discovered molecular defects are required. Here a comprehensive review is provided for the strategies of sequencing data analysis, commonly used phenotype-genotype correlation tools, and functional analysis and verification methods for the genetic diagnosis.
Objective: To summarize the clinical features, treatment outcome and prognostic factors of childhood anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Methods: Clinical data of 60 newly diagnosed and biopsy-proven ALCL pediatric patients (≤18 years of age) at Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2010 to December 2018 were collected. All patients were treated with the Chinese Children Cancer Group-B cell-non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 2010 (CCCG-BNHL-2010) regimen. Overall survival (OS), event free survival (EFS) and progression free survival (PFS) rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis was performed with Log-Rank test to find factors of poor prognosis. Results: Among 60 ALCL patients included in the current study, 39 were males and 21 females, the age of onset was 7.9 (1.2-16.7) years. Among all cases, 43 (72%) had B syndrome (any of the following: fever, drenching, weight loss). Forty-nine (82%) cases had lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels<2 times upper limit of normal (ULN) and 11 (18%) cases had LDH levels 2-<4 times ULN. The distribution of stages was stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and Ⅳ in 2% (1/60), 5% (3/60), 92% (55/60), and 2% (1/60) of patients, respectively. Of 58 cases who had results of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) immunohistochemical staining, 53 (91%, 53/58) cases were positive. Visceral involvement was observed in 12 patients (20%). The 4-year OS and EFS rates were (88±4)% and (76±6)% for the entire group, respectively. Univariate analysis for gender, B symptoms, LDH level, ALK expression, clinical stage and visceral involvement showed that only LDH level correlated with an inferior OS rate (χ²=6.571, P=0.010) while not correlated with EFS rate. No independent risk factor for disease progression or recurrence was found by Logistic regression. Up to the last follow-up, 44 cases were continuously at complete remission state, and their follow-up time was 50 (13-119) months. Of 13 (23%) cases experienced disease progression or relapse, 3 cases abandoned treatment, 2 cases progressed to death, 8 cases received second line or salvage treatment (6 survived at last follow-up). For post progression or relapse cases, the 2-year OS and PFS rates were (60±16)% and (16±14)%, respectively. The treatment related death occurred in 3 cases (5%) and all of them were due to severe infection during the chemotherapy. Conclusions: The efficacy of CCCG-BNHL-2010 regimen in the treatment of children with ALCL was good. However, the safety needs to be improved as the treatment-related mortality in the present study was slightly higher. Efficient second line or salvage treatment can achieve cure in pediatric patients post progression or recurrence. LDH ≥2 times ULN was associated with worse prognosis.
Current anti-angiogenic therapies have changed the paradigm of treating colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with advanced diseases. However, the clinical response rate is still low at less than 10% due largely to complex angiogenic factors released by tumor cells. Exploring novel mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis and identifying alternative targets for combination therapies are therefore essential to effective inhibition of tumor vascularization and CRC development. Immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4), initially identified as a suppressor of myeloid cell activity, is enriched in solid tumor cells. ILT4 favors tumor progression by inducing tumor malignant biologies as well as an immunosuppressive microenvironment. However, whether and how tumor-derived ILT4 orchestrates tumor angiogenesis is still undetermined. Here we found that tumor-derived ILT4 was positively correlated with microvessel density in CRC tissues. ILT4 induced the migration and tube formation of HUVECs in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling and subsequent up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) were responsible for ILT4-induced angiogenesis and tumor progression. Importantly, ILT4 inhibition suppressed tumor angiogenesis and enhanced the efficacy of Bevacizumab treatment in CRC. Our study has identified a novel mechanism for ILT4-mediated tumor progression, which signals a new therapeutic target and alternative combination strategies to combat CRC.
Objective To summarize and analysis long-term outcomes of children with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ (NB) and its correlative prognostic issues,aiming to provide the evidence for the end of NB treatment.Methods Total 49 NB patients,aging from 4 month to 11 years old,were admitted between April 2000 and June 2007,were divided into low,medium and high risk groups based on clinical stage and age.Comprehensive protocol included accurate staging,delayed and/or second tumor resection for stage Ⅲ patients,chemotherapy and 13-cis-retinoid acid used at the end of treatment referring to different risk group.ASCT was administrated at the end of chemotherapy for patients in high risk group.Results Stage Ⅰ tumor were found in 15 cases,stage Ⅱ in 10 cases,stage Ⅲ in 24 cases.45 cases of all underwent chemotherapy,in which 38 cases (84.44％ ) achieved complete remission(CR) or very good partial remission(VGPR),7 cases ( 15.56％ ) achieved partial remission (PR) after surgery combined with or without chemotherapy.5 cases of CR patients were not involved in follow up study.The median follow up period was 59 months.38 maintained CR/VGPR status,the five years progress free survival rate (PFS) was 100％,while the 7 cases in PR status were only 57.14％,the total 5 year PFS was 93.33 ％.Statistical analysis showed that the incomplete tumor resection,the stage Ⅲ status and the PR status at the end of the treatment were the indicator for the poor prognosis (P＜0.05),while other factors including age (more than 18 months) and tumor location (primary tumor originatedretro-peritoneum) were not correlated to prognosis (P＞0.05).Conclusions Patients with stage Ⅰ ⅢNB have potential to achieve CR or VGPR status after surgery combined with or without chemotherapy,and achieve to a better prognosis.The treatment for patients in VGRP status can be terminated.Patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ indicate a satisfactory prognosis,and further treatment can be reduced.
Key words:
Neuroblastoma; Prognosis; Child
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