This research work determined the emission characteristics and elemental composition of selected PVC ceiling
materials common in Nigerian markets especially during service. This research work determined the emission
characteristics and elemental composition of selected PVC ceiling materials common in Nigerian markets. The
emission data and elemental structure gave insight to appraise their suitability as ceiling materials. Three PVC
ceiling materials were used for this analysis: Nigerian made PVC, layered Composite PVC and white PVC. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) was performed to obtain the elemental structure of the ceiling materials using Ion Beam Analysis facility. 0.05 kg of the samples were combusted in a controlled fire chamber and the gasses emitted; CO, SO2, NO, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were identified using four gas analyzers. Elements were detected in total and data collected from the experiment were analyzed. Results showed that Nigerian made PVC has the highest total noxious gas among the three samples with value of 3732.5 ppm while layered composite PVC has the lowest among the PVCs with the value of 1477.5 ppm. The elemental make-ups of the samples influence their emission characteristics. The study established that PVC samples were noxious in terms of their emission characteristics due to the effects of their elemental basis.
Abstract Smart materials are advanced materials capable of changing into a useful, reproducible, predictable, and often reversible way when external stimuli such as stress, light, moisture, heat, pH, electric, and magnetic fields are applied. When the external stimulus is removed from these materials, they revert to their original form by reversing their original response. Smart materials are capable of altering one or more of their properties in a non-destructive way in response to certain stimuli – and by doing so, become functional in some useful way or the other. Recent work and advancements in smart materials have led scientists to develop advanced materials in the bio-medical field. Biosmart materials currently enjoy a wide range of applications in dentistry, orthopedics, and prosthetics. Examples of these materials include Smart Ceramics, Smart Composites, Self-healing composites, Nickel-Titanium Alloy, Shape Memory Alloy, Smart Sutures, Glass Ionomers and many others. This review paper first provides an overview of bio smart materials – types, classes, characteristics, and applications – it then focuses on the specific area of the development of protective or smart coating for bio smart materials. It discusses some of the progress and advancements that have been made in this area.
The inhibitive characteristics of A315 mild steel in 0.1 M solution of Hydrochloric Acid with varied concentrations of the inhibitor (chloramphenicol drug) was studied using weight loss (gravimetry) technique, open circuit potential (OCP) and linear polarization method. The experimental data obtained from the methods used shows that an increase in inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor is characterized by a decrease in corrosion rate. Hence, chloramphenicol drug is an efficient corrosion inhibitor for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric acid medium.
Abstract The degradation of mild steel has been an issue of concern in most industries. Because of this challenge, mild steel (AISI 1015 carbon steel) was inhibited using ethanolic extract from leaves and peels of Chrysophyllum albidum ( C. albidum ) in 1 M H 2 SO 4 was investigated using gravimetric (weight loss), gasometric and potentiodynamic polarization (PP) methods. Samples of mild steel were placed in an acidic medium and tested at different concentrations of extract. The PP experiment indicated that the inhibition efficiency (I.E) of C. albidum ranges from 70.9‐85.9 % and 54.6‐89.1 %, for leaves and peels extract, respectively. The I.E increases with increase in concentration of the extracts due to the adsorption of their molecules on the mild steel surface. The leaves and peels 1.5 g/L extract inhibited mild steel sample exhibited a significant corrosion rate of 0.0821 mm/year and 0.0635 mm/year, respectively. The inhibitors exhibited mixed‐type corrosion inhibition tendencies. Moreover, the weight loss test revealed that the inhibitors lower the corrosion rate of the steel samples. The adsorption ability of the extracts was approximated through the Langmuir isotherm. The correlation regression coefficients (R 2 ) values of 0.9960 and 0.9981 were observed for the leaves and peels extracts, respectively. This study has shown that C. albidum extracts reduced the rate at which mild steel corrodes in an acidic medium. It is therefore recommended for application in acidic media.
In this paper, Al6O13Si2–ZrO2/Zn composite coatings were prepared by electrolytic co-deposition technique on mild steel surface from sulfate bath. The coatings were investigated using (SEM), micro-hardness tester with MTR-300 dry abrasive wear. Results showed higher micro-hardness, good wear resistance and adhered microstructure. From mechanical response ZrO2 composite has a strong effect on the interaction of the produced alloy.
A research work on the design, fabrication and evaluation of an active evaporative cooling system was carried out for an optimized storage process and improved modus operandi of the system. The cooler is made of an inner wall and external wall, the inner wall is made up aluminum of 0.6mm thickness and the external wall is made up of galvanized steel of 1mm, the internal and external wall is separated by a lagging material called polyurethane of 25mm, the cooler has 3 trays. The water distribution network of the system contains 2 water tanks of 20liters capacity each, a PVC pipe of 25mm diameter for conveying water, a 0.5 horse power pump for circulating water from the bottom tank to the overhead reservoir and a floater switch for controlling the pump. Water is discharged from the overhead tank through a tap and drains through a pad material called jute bag. as water drips through the pad, a suction fan of 38cm swept depth sets air in motion and blows through the wetted part. As evaporation takes place, there is a cooling effect relatively occurring inside the cooling chamber. The cooler was able to control the temperature to 23.700C relative to the ambient temperature of 29.500C and relative humidity to 95.6%. compared to an ambient
Design and Optimization of an Active Evaporative Cooling System relative humidity value of 64.7%. The cooling efficiency of the cooler was evaluated on an average to be 86.01%.
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