Occurrence of fluoride in water, its metabol~sm, excretion. effect o ingestion in human and cattle systcm .,nd methods of fluoridation and defluorida- tion have been discussed. The presence of fluoride rn waters occurring in India, with special reference to Raj~sthan desert has been reviewed. Based on the survey and physico-chemical analyses of about 2,700 water samples of Rajasthan, distribution of fluoride in this area has been d~scussed wrth reference to drinking water standards. A water resources map showing concentrations of fluoride in four arid districts of Rajasthan is also presented.
Grewia optiva is known for its fodder value in Garhwal Himalaya. Its leaves were harvested in the loping season from upper (above 1600 m), middle (1300–1600 m) and lower (1000–1300 m) altitudinal ranges to determine variation and relation of proximate principles with altitude and diameter classes. The data revealed that the proximate principles were strongly influenced by the altitudinal gradient. The correlation coefficient showed significant positive relation between altitude and dry matter (R<0.01) and negative with ash content (R<0.01). Diameter class showed significant positive relation with ether extract and crude fibre while negative relation with dry matter, crude protein and ash content. Highest crude protein and low crude fibre contents were observed at the mid-altitude and the higher altitude had better dry matter, ether extract, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract contents. On an average, in mid altitude range, leaves had better nutrient content than other selected range of altitudes. Therefore, it was suggested that the trees growing in this range of altitude should be harvested for better nutrition to the livestock.
Aim: - given the importance of food tourism, the purpose of this paper is to review the literature on foodtourism around the area and understanding its importance while selecting Uttarakhand as a touristdestination.Design/ methodology/ Approach: - Papers with the keywords regional cuisine, cultural tourism,Tourist behavior towards food, Food Neophobia, Sensory attributes, Cuisine culture, Attitude towardstraditional food, Food image, Satisfaction, Role of hotels are searched through Google scholar fromJanuary 2011 to June 2021. Some websites of tourism are also taken into consideration.Results and conclusion: - Findings suggest that food tourism is one of the growing areas and has muchpotential to enhance tourism activities in any destination. Food is one of the critical factors for tourism,and Tourist cultural background is one of the vital factors in tourist food consumption.Keyword: - Tourist behavior towards food, Food Neophobia, Sensory attributes, Cuisine culture,AttitudePaper type: - General review
Comparative studies on use of urea-formaldehyde (UF) and its copolymers as dune sand stabiliser are presented. Preparation of resin, influence of acid catalysts, physico-chemical characteristics and unconfined compression strength (UGS) of stabilised sand specimens prepared from these resins have been discussed. The liquid UF resin (urea-formaldehyde, 1:2.25) prepared by authors has specific gravity, 1.2; viscosity 9.9; solid content, 58-60% and good flow characteristics. The maximum strength of 165 kg/sq.cm (density, 1.68 gm/cu.cm of the standard specimen, made by a novel technique using this resin (9%), catalyst (0.3%) and sand (90.7%), is higher than the strengths ranging from 11.3 to 105 kg/sq. cm reported by earlier workers using UF and other modified phenol formaldehyde resins. Effects of compaction on strength has also been studied to optimise the depth of stabilisation required for construction of roads in sandy areas and it is found that standard specimen recorded maximum strength of 820 kg/sq.cm (density, 1.84 gm/cu.cm). (Author/TRRL)
In recent years, patients have increasing autonomy in medical decision-making. With great autonomy in selecting medical institutions, patients with low-risk diseases (LRD) may opt for treatment in prestigious hospitals, which limits the access of patients with high-risk diseases (HRD) to these hospitals. Moreover, due to limited medical knowledge and a fear of uncertainty regarding diseases, patients with greater medical autonomy may request various unnecessary medical tests to alleviate their health-related anxiety. This study takes a novel patients’ perspective to investigate how dockless bike sharing, which addresses the “last-mile problem” and improves geographical accessibility to medical institutions, affects two types of ineffective use of medical resources: disease-institution mismatch and overuse of medical tests. By introducing the concept of quality-accessibility trade-off in patients’ decision-making processes, we shed light on the psychological mechanism underlying the effect of dockless bike sharing on patients’ medical institution choices. We also introduce a new concept, perceived necessity of medical tests, to explain how dockless bike sharing reduces unnecessary medical tests. In Study 1, we designed a quasi-experiment and applied a difference-in-differences model based on real-world electronic health record data to show that dockless bike sharing increased the likelihood of patients choosing hospitals over clinics and decreased the number of unnecessary medical tests. In Studies 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b, four randomized controlled experiments were employed to replicate the findings and reveal the underlying mechanisms. In sum, we found that dockless bike sharing acted as a “double-edged sword” in terms of its impact on exacerbating disease-institution mismatch and alleviating the overuse of medical tests. This study makes significant theoretical contributions to the Operations Management (OM), sharing economy, and medical resource management literature. It also offers important managerial insights for governments, shared mobility platforms, and healthcare providers.
A water sterilising outfit has been developed for improving potability of water in snow-bound areas by converting snow-melted water into safe drinking water. The outfit(wt.50g) contains a rectangular tin box and two types of tablets-white sterilising tablets and pink thio-mineral tablets-stored in pharmaceutical packings and provides 35 litres of wholesome drinking water as per World Health Organisation and Indian Council of Medical Research standards. The sterilised and mineralised water obtained from this outfit is not only free from turbidity, colour and bad taste, but also supplements the deficiency of iodine which has been found as a primary cause of goiter in high altitude areas by health authorities. Minerlised water containing 0.04 mg/I of iodine provides a daily dose of about 0.08 to 0.12 mg of iodine to a person consuming 2 to 3 litres of water in snow-bound areas. The item has been introduced in Armed Forces for the regular use.
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