Development of antibacterial and antibiofilm surfaces is in high demand. In this study, nanocomposite of Poly (ε-caprolactone)/Cloisite 30B was prepared by the solvent casting method. The membranes were characterised by SEM, AFM, and FTIR. Evaluation of water uptake, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and microbial barrier properties demonstrated a significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against MTCC strain of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and strong biofilm positive Staphylococcus epidermidis of clinical origin at low clay concentrations. These membranes acted as an excellent barrier to the penetration of microorganism. These nanocomposites can have promising applications in various fields including packaging.
The development and application of renewable materials is the call for the future. As a result, extensive research is focused on developing more biodegradable polymers from renewable resources. One of the most promising and easily available biodegradable polymers of natural origin is polylactic acid (PLA), but the poor physiochemical properties of PLA limit its application. Nanocellulose, a natural polymer produced from cellulose, has emerged as a promising reinforcement in PLA to strengthen its limitations. The various nanoforms of cellulose include nanocellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose or cellulose nanocrystals, nanofibrillated cellulose or cellulose nanofibers, and microbial cellulose or bacterial nanocellulose. Both PLA and cellulose composites find applications in all essential fields of human welfare such as medicine, engineering, and automotive industries, and till now, many commercial daily use commodities have been fabricated with these composites. This chapter mainly covers the individual applications of polylactic acid-based composites and cellulosic composites and also discusses the versatile application potentials of hybrid PLA/cellulose composites.
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Role of Food Packaging Materials Environmental Impact of Food Packaging Polymer Nanocomposites Biopolymers as Packaging Materials Advantages of Biopolymers Reinforcements used in Bionanocomposites Bionanocomposites Polysaccharide-Based Bionanocomposites Protein-Based Bionanocomposites Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers Properties of Bionanocomposites Changes Occurring during Biodegradation Process Methods of Preparation of Bionanocomposites Bionanocomposite Characterization Conclusions
Abstract Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NP s) have enormous applications. Hence, there is an increasing demand to explore diverse bioresources for Ag NP fabrication to make the process more cost‐effective and rapid as possible. Due to the abundantly present hydroxyl groups of rice starch, it provides ideal sites for metal ion complexation and thereby synthesis of nanoparticles with promising activity. So the study was designed to develop rapid, eco‐friendly and cost‐effective method for green Ag NP synthesis using boiled rice water starch in the presence of sunlight irradiation. The starch‐capped nanoparticles ( sAgNP s) formed in the study were found to have the surface plasmon absorbance at 439 nm. The study showed optimum yield of sAgNP s when 25% rice starch was treated with aqueous 1 mM Ag NO 3 for 15 min in the presence of sunlight. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis provided mechanistic insight into the role of – OH groups of starch in the reduction of Ag NO 3 to sAgNP s. On further characterization by X‐ray diffraction analysis, the sAgNP s were identified to have FCC crystal structure. At the same time, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopic analysis showed majority of sAgNP s to have spherical morphology, and dynamic light scattering study revealed the average particle size as 36.3 nm. Further confirmation on presence of Ag NP s was carried out by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Moreover, the sAgNP s exhibited promising antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens, Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus .