Previous studies have demonstrated that postprandial hyperglycemia attenuates brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in prediabetic patients, in diabetic patients, and even in normal subjects. We have previously reported that postprandial hyperinsulinemia also attenuates FMD. In the present study we evaluated the relationship between different degrees of postprandial attenuation of FMD induced by postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and differences in ingested carbohydrate content in non-diabetic individuals. Thirty-seven healthy subjects with no family history of diabetes were divided into 3 groups: a 75-g oral glucose loading group (OG group) (n = 14), a test meal group (TM group) (n = 12; 400 kcal, carbohydrate content 40.7 g), and a control group (n = 11). The FMD was measured at preload (FMD0) and at 60 minutes (FMD60) and 120 (FMD120) minutes after loading. Plasma glucose (PG) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels were determined at preload (PG0, IRI0) and at 30 (PG30, IRI30), 60 (PG60, IRI60), and 120 (PG120, IRI120) minutes after loading. Percentage decreases from FMD0 to FMD60 were significantly greater in the TM group (−21.19% ± 17.90%; P < 0.001) and the OG group (−17.59% ± 26.64%) than in the control group (6.46% ± 9.17%; P < 0.01), whereas no significant difference was observed between the TM and OG groups. In contrast, the percentage decrease from FMD0 to FMD120 was significantly greater in the OG group (−18.91% ± 16.58%) than in the control group (6.78% ± 11.43%; P < 0.001) or the TM group (5.22% ± 37.22%; P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the control and TM groups. The FMD60 was significantly correlated with HOMA-IR (r = −0.389; P < 0.05). In contrast, FMD120 was significantly correlated with IRI60 (r = −0.462; P < 0.05) and the AUC of IRI (r = −0.468; P < 0.05). Furthermore, the percentage change from FMD0 to FMD120 was significantly correlated with the CV of PG (r = 0.404; P < 0.05), IRI60 (r = 0.401; p < 0.05) and the AUC of IRI (r = 0.427; P < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between any other FMDs and glucose metabolic variables. Differences in the attenuation of postprandial FMD induced by different postprandial insulin levels may occur a long time postprandially but not shortly after a meal.
Two kinds of pyrene modified β-cyclodextrins, which are different in linker parts to bind between β-cyclodextrin and pyrene unit, were synthesized. Those derivatives show different behavior for single and double strands of DNA, where short linker derivative shows no interaction for DNA, but longer linker derivative indicates there are something interaction for DNA by intercalating of pyrene unit.
The authors assessed the association between the ratio of urinary activity of N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase ( NAG ) to creatinine and the brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (ba PWV ) in patients without overt diabetes mellitus ( DM ). This was a cross‐sectional study of 233 patients who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR ) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and no history of kidney disease. Patients were divided into two groups: high NAG group (>5.8 U/g creatinine) and low NAG group (≤5.8 U/g creatinine). Mean ba PWV s of the high NAG group were significantly higher than those of the low NAG group in both the eGFR ≥30 and <60 tertiles and the eGFR ≥60 and <90 tertiles. The ba PWV was positively correlated with NAG in all patients ( r =0.341, P <.001). Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that the ba PWV was significantly related with NAG , age, and systolic blood pressure. Elevated NAG is related to elevated arterial stiffness in patients without DM .
The Institute of Humanities at Shinshu University has instituted an e-learning system to provide mathematics and statistics pre-enrollment education (PE) to applicants who passed the 2020 examination for candidates recommended for the faculty of engineering. This study presents this PE's results. PE can be categorized into individual work and group work. In individual work, accepted applicants answer mathematics and statistics problems provided by the University e-Learning Association. In group work, they search solutions to such problems by consulting with the faculty of engineering's undergraduate students and other accepted applicants; a group representative submits the answers. We show that accepted applicants can maintain self-efficacy even in perfectly distributed asynchronous PEs.
