Subacute experiments were carried out on rabbits by daily oral administration of Lindane, Malathion and Dichlorophos. A dose-dependent significant decrease in Salmonella typhi induced immune response was found in sera of animals treated with these pesticides compared to untreated controls. Inihbition of cholinesterase activity confirmed the immunological findings.
Japan represents a special case in the history of colonialism at the end of the 19th century. At the middle of the 19th century, it was a closed East Asian country that was forced by the Western colonial powers to open its doors to the outside world, but in the second half of the 19th century, it started a modernization process following the „Western model”. Japan defined itself as a modern nation-state, and with the successful modernization, economic and military advancements it could acquire territories in Asia through military actions or agreements with the great colonizing powers. By the beginning of the 20th century, Japan had become a colonizing country in Asia, instead of being colonized. In order to understand this process thoroughly and to interpret Japanese colonization and imperialism at the end of the 19th century, it is necessary on one hand to briefly summarize East Asian international relations of the second half of the century, and to review the changing environment in which Japan had to find a place for itself in this era. On the other hand, the internal development of Japan must also be examined, especially the state in which the new challenges of the outside world reached the country, and the political and ideological sources of the response the political leaders of the time gave to them. Understanding Japanese development needs an examination of the characteristics and significance of Japanese cultural traditions and political thoughts, which influenced Japan's modern politics besides the "universal" models of that time (capitalist development, colonization, imperialism). This paper attempts to provide an interpretation of the multifaceted relationship between Japan and colonization with attention to the external and internal factors that influenced Japanese policy at the turn of the 19-20th centuries.
The authors report on gonadotropin treatment of 91 women who were infertile due to luteal dysfunction. As an effect of treatment there was an improvement of the corpus luteum function in 77 patients (84.6%), and 30 of them (33.0%) became pregnant. Application of HCG is recommended in cases if clomiphene treatment proved ineffective previously. Application of FSH and HCG is recommended at low level of estrogen.
Dysregulation of microRNA gene expression has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. However, the individual dysregulated microRNAs remain largely unknown. Previous meta-analyses have highlighted several microRNAs being differentially expressed in post-mortem Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease brains versus controls, but they were based on small sample sizes. In this study, we quantified the expression of the most compelling Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease microRNAs from these meta-analyses ('candidate miRNAs') in one of the largest Parkinson's/Alzheimer's disease case-control post-mortem brain collections available (n = 451), thereby quadruplicating previously investigated sample sizes. Parkinson's disease candidate microRNA hsa-miR-132-3p was differentially expressed in our Parkinson's (P = 4.89E-06) and Alzheimer's disease samples (P = 3.20E-24) compared with controls. Alzheimer's disease candidate microRNAs hsa-miR-132-5p (P = 4.52E-06) and hsa-miR-129-5p (P = 0.0379) were differentially expressed in our Parkinson's disease samples. Combining these novel data with previously published data substantially improved the statistical support (α = 3.85E-03) of the corresponding meta-analyses, clearly implicating these microRNAs in both Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, hsa-miR-132-3p/-5p (but not hsa-miR-129-5p) showed association with α-synuclein neuropathological Braak staging (P = 3.51E-03/P = 0.0117), suggesting that hsa-miR-132-3p/-5p play a role in α-synuclein aggregation beyond the early disease phase. Our study represents the largest independent assessment of recently highlighted candidate microRNAs in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains, to date. Our results implicate hsa-miR-132-3p/-5p and hsa-miR-129-5p to be differentially expressed in both Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, pinpointing shared pathogenic mechanisms across these neurodegenerative diseases. Intriguingly, based on publicly available high-throughput sequencing of RNA isolated by cross-linking immunoprecipitation data, hsa-miR-132 may interact with SNCA messenger RNA in the human brain, possibly pinpointing novel therapeutic approaches in fighting Parkinson's disease.
The authors examined the relationship between immune biomarkers and indoor air pollution cross-sectionally in school children 9-11 yr of age who had immunologically related respiratory diseases and who resided in Hungarian cities. Nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, benzene, xylene, and toluene were measured passively indoors prior to the collection of venous blood samples for blood counts and identification of immune biomarkers. House dust mite allergen was also measured. Numerous immune biomarkers were significantly elevated in these sensitive children, compared with normal children, and several biomarker alterations in these children were related to high concentrations of air pollutants in the home. The strongest and most significant associations were seen between high indoor nitrogen dioxide concentrations and increased white blood cells, monocytes, red blood cells, and immunoglobulin G (IgG), as well as decreased immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Klebsiella pneumoniae-specific IgM. Bacterial-specific IgGs were related significantly to formaldehyde concentrations. These findings suggest the important role of indoor air pollutants in immune reactions.
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