In briefOver 5 years, 10,540 annual preseason examinations were performed on student-athletes ranging in age from 11 to 19 years. The examining physicians concluded that 9,423 students (89.4%) passed, 1,070 (10.2%) passed with conditions, and 47 (0.4%) failed. The most common reasons cited for those who passed with conditions and those who failed were hypertension, ophthalmologic and genitourinary abnormalities, and musculoskeletal problems. The authors recommend that preparticipation exams follow guidelines based on scientific data and experience rather than tradition or anecdote. Additional informationNotes on contributorsScott A. MagnesDr Magnes practices family medicine and sports medicine in Iowa City. Dr Henderson is a family physician and director of primary care sports medicine, and Dr Hunter is an orthopaedic surgeon and director of the primary care sports medicine fellowship program, both at the Hughston Orthopaedic Clinic in Columbus, Georgia. Dr Magnes is a fellow and Dr Hunter and Dr Henderson are members of the American College of Sports Medicine. Dr Henderson and Dr Magnes are members of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, and Dr Hunter is a member of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine.John M. HendersonDr Magnes practices family medicine and sports medicine in Iowa City. Dr Henderson is a family physician and director of primary care sports medicine, and Dr Hunter is an orthopaedic surgeon and director of the primary care sports medicine fellowship program, both at the Hughston Orthopaedic Clinic in Columbus, Georgia. Dr Magnes is a fellow and Dr Hunter and Dr Henderson are members of the American College of Sports Medicine. Dr Henderson and Dr Magnes are members of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, and Dr Hunter is a member of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine.Stephen C. HunterDr Magnes practices family medicine and sports medicine in Iowa City. Dr Henderson is a family physician and director of primary care sports medicine, and Dr Hunter is an orthopaedic surgeon and director of the primary care sports medicine fellowship program, both at the Hughston Orthopaedic Clinic in Columbus, Georgia. Dr Magnes is a fellow and Dr Hunter and Dr Henderson are members of the American College of Sports Medicine. Dr Henderson and Dr Magnes are members of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, and Dr Hunter is a member of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine.
Introduction Automated vision screening devices such as photoscreeners and autorefractors have been used to accurately identify amblyopia, refractive amblyopia risk factors (ARFs), and refractive error in young children; however, there is conflicting data about the effectiveness of different screening devices. We compared the performance of two commercially available screening devices in preschool children. Methods Children aged 3 to 5 years attending 5 preschools in Anaheim Elementary School District were screened with the PlusoptiX S12C photoscreener using ROC 3 referral criteria and Retinomax K+3 autorefractor in March 2022. Screened children were offered free cycloplegic eye examinations performed by optometrists on the UCI EyeMobile for Children mobile clinic. Children were evaluated for the presence of refractive ARFs using 2021 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus age-based referral criteria guidelines for instrument-based screening. Results A total of 158 children were screened and 79 children received cycloplegic examinations. At least one refractive ARF was found in 20% of examined children, corresponding to a sensitivity/specificity/positive predictive value (PPV)/negative predictive value (NPV) of 94%/89%/68%/98% for the PlusoptiX and 100%/65%/42%/100% for the Retinomax. Discussion In detecting refractive ARFs, the PlusoptiX was found to have a higher specificity and PPV while the Retinomax had a higher sensitivity and NPV. While both devices demonstrated a high sensitivity and NPV, we found that the PlusoptiX performed better overall as a screening device for our program as the Retinomax referred too many children.
This epidemiologic survey of the literature on the factors contributing to the high number of high school football injuries consolidates the current information on the characteristics and risk factors associated with these injuries. To reduce the incidence of knee sprains and strains, the most common injuries to this population, the following preventive recommendations are pre sented : 1) optimum maintenance of playing fields; 2) use of the soccer-style shoe; 3) noncontact and con trolled activities in practice sessions; and 4) increased vigilance over technique during injury-prone preseason practices. The authors conclude that more research into factors such as exposure time and activity at injury will further reduce the risk to the high school football player.
In brief Over 5 years, 10,540 annual preseason examinations were performed on student-athletes ranging in age from 11 to 19 years. The examining physicians concluded that 9,423 students (89.4%) passed, 1,070 (10.2%) passed with conditions, and 47 (0.4%) failed. The most common reasons cited for those who passed with conditions and those who failed were hypertension, ophthalmologic and genitourinary abnormalities, and musculoskeletal problems. The authors recommend that preparticipation exams follow guidelines based on scientific data and experience rather than tradition or anecdote.
Acute rupture of tendons on the dorsum of the foot is rare and the diagnosis can be difficult. We present the case of a 51-year-old man who sustained an acute rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon. Pain about the medial aspect of the midfoot and ambulation with a steppage gait were the keys to formulating a correct diagnosis. The tendon was repaired primarily 10 days after injury. At his final follow-up examination 6 months after surgery, the patient was asymptomatic and ambulated with a normal gait.
Summary Acetabular cup displacement (ACD) was identified as a complication of cemented modular total hip replacement in seven dogs. ACD is characterized by mechanical failure of the polyethylene-cement interface and subsequent cup migration, and is a clinical entity distinct from classical aseptic loosening. ACD is a sequela of extrusion of the cup and lateralization of the prosthetic load-bearing axis. The acetabular cup displacement ratio (ACDR) has a statistically significant effect on whether ACD develops (P <0.0005). If ACD should occur, acetabular revision arthroplasty generally results in a good clinical outcome, if not complicated by infection.
Standards for performance have been derived from the preseason assessment of the high school athlete. The performance of 3,174 athletes during five performance tests was measured. The tests included dips, sit-ups, and pull-ups, in addition to grip strength measurement and vertical jump capability. Measurements were converted to the amount of work done or force developed. Nondimensional ratios were determined using the tables and empirical equations presented in this paper. These quantities were then compared to the percent body fat. The average performance of the athletes as determined by the testing procedures described herein decreases dramatically as the body fat increases above 10% in males and 19% in females.
An epidemiologic survey of the literature on high school football injuries revealed methodologic problems. These numerator-denominator inconsistencies and other confounding factors are discussed. The authors suggest a more reliable system of reporting these parameters to further reduce the risk of high school football injuries.
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