Development and validation of a simple and convenient computational program in MATLAB environment for estimating the tumor control probability (TCP) and the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), as a decision support system for routine plan evaluation.We developed an in-house software using MATLAB 2016b (Mathworks) for estimating TCP and NTCP named as RBMODELV1. The program contains Niemierko free equivalent uniform dose (EUD) program code provided in authors research article. For rest of radiobiological (RB) models in the software separate coding is performed. The program accepts cumulative dose-volume histogram file in (.txt) format containing two columns dose and volume. A set of two RB parameters were prepared, default and user-dependent in excel sheet named as RBDATA. We cross-validated results of RBMODELV1 software with BioSuite software for Poisson's TCP model and Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) model. A set of total 20 patient's data of head and neck site took under study and respective TCP and NTCP calculated by all the RB models and compared.This is the first study in which we tried to establish correlation between the mean doses (EUD) received by parallel structure (parotid gland and oral cavity) and predicted percentage of NTCP values. It is found that mean dose in the range of 35-40 Gy for parotid gland can result in more than 50% NTCP predicted by all four RB models. Similarly oral cavity receiving mean dose in the range of 53-58 Gy can results in more than 35% NTCP predicted by all the four models. There is <3% variation observed between TCP calculated by BioSuite and RBMODELV1 software and <4% variation observed between predicted NTCP for parotid gland and oral cavity OAR from LKB model by both the software.We created simple software RBMODELV1 which can be used as a research tool as well as decision support system.
Rupture of the diaphragm mostly occurs following major trauma. We report a case of delayed presentation of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia on the left side in a 44-year-old male who presented two weeks after a minor blunt trauma. Left kidney and intestinals coils were found to herniate through the diaphragmatic tear. This case demonstrates the importance of considering the diagnosis in all cases of blunt trauma of the trunk. It also illustrates the rare possibility of herniation of kidney through the diaphragmatic tear.
To establish trends of estimation error of dose calculation by anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) with respect to dose measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) in air-water heterogeneity for small field size photon.TLDs were irradiated along the central axis of the photon beam in four different solid water phantom geometries using three small field size single beams. The depth dose profiles were estimated using AAA calculation model for each field sizes. The estimated and measured depth dose profiles were compared.The over estimation (OE) within air cavity were dependent on field size (f) and distance (x) from solid water-air interface and formulated as OE = - (0.63 f + 9.40) x2+ (-2.73 f + 58.11) x + (0.06 f2 - 1.42 f + 15.67). In postcavity adjacent point and distal points from the interface have dependence on field size (f) and equations are OE = 0.42 f2 - 8.17 f + 71.63, OE = 0.84 f2 - 1.56 f + 17.57, respectively.The trend of estimation error of AAA dose calculation algorithm with respect to measured value have been formulated throughout the radiation path length along the central axis of 6 MV photon beam in air-water heterogeneity combination for small field size photon beam generated from a 6 MV linear accelerator.
The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) poses a significant health challenge yet the contribution of air pollutants to T2D epidemics remains understudied. Several studies demonstrated a correlation between exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor/outdoor environments, and T2D. Here, we conducted the first meta-analysis, establishing a robust association between exposure to benzene, a prevalent airborne VOC, and insulin resistance in humans across all ages. We utilized a controlled benzene exposure system, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) approach and indirect calorimetry in mice, to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Following exposure, disruptions in energy homeostasis, accompanied by modifications in the hypothalamic transcriptome and alterations in insulin and immune signaling, were observed exclusively in males, leading to a surge in blood glucose levels. In agreement, RNA-sequencing of microglia reveals increased expression of genes associated with immune response and NF-κB signaling. Selective ablation of IKKβ in immune cells (Cx3cr1GFPΔIKK) or exclusively in microglia (Tmem119ERΔIKK) in adult mice alleviated benzene-induced gliosis, restored energy homeostasis, hypothalamic gene expression, and protected against hyperglycemia. We conclude that the microglial NF-κB pathway plays a critical role in chemical-induced metabolic disturbances, revealing a vital pathophysiological mechanism linking exposure to airborne toxicants and the onset of metabolic diseases.
Higher dose of nitrogen application to soil through conventional urea generally aggravates weeds over crop, as weeds tends to out-compete crops throughout their life cycle. So, reducing the dose of conventional urea and selectively feeding nitrogen to crops through foliar spray of nano urea can be an option for managing weeds and improving productivity. This approach, coupled with potent herbicide mixtures may constitute a comprehensive, broad spectrum weed management plan. To delve into this, an experiment was conducted using split plot design to understand the effect of nano-urea based nitrogen management and new herbicides mixtures on weed dynamics and wheat productivity, and the associated economic and energetic implications in the North-western region of India. Four nitrogen management options were tested in the main plots: N1 = control, N2 = 100% RDN (120 kg N/ha— ½ at basal, 1/4th at CRI and rest 1/4th at maximum tillering stage), N3 = 50% RDN ( ½ at basal, rest ½ at crown root initiation stage– CRI) + two spray of nano-urea (40 & 60 days after sowing– DAS) and N4 = 75% RDN ( ½ at basal & ½ at CRI) + one spray of nano-urea (60 DAS). Concurrently, four weed management treatments were studied in subplots: W1 = Ready mix of Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron methyl @ 30+2 g a.i./ha (40g ^-1ha product basis) at 30 DAS; W2 = tank mix of Clodinafop propargyl @ 60 g a.i./ha + Carfentrazone-ethyl @ 20 g a.i./ha at 30 DAS; W3 = weed free check and W4 = un-weeded check. The results revealed that 100% RDN significantly suppressed weed populations, decreased overall weed diversity, and produced 39.6% and 18.4% higher grain yield compared to N3 (50% RDN + two nano urea spray) and N4 (75% RDN + one nano urea spray), respectively. Furthermore, 100% RDN exhibited higher net benefit-to-cost ratios (BC ratio) and superior energetics. Among the herbicide mixtures, the tank mix of Carfentrazone-ethyl + Clodinafop propargyl showed superior weed suppression and grain yield, achieving a notable 30.8% yield increase over weedy check compared to 25.3% increase observed with the Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron methyl ready mix. Notably, this herbicide combination (Carfentrazone-ethyl + Clodinafop propargyl tank mix) also showed an impressive net BC ratio of 2.14, rendering it the most economically viable option. Contrary to the hypothesis/expectations, nano-urea application did not effectively supplement even the 25% RDN via foliar spray to selectively enhance wheat growth over weeds. In conclusion, a comprehensive approach involving 100% RDN alongside the tank mix of Carfentrazone-ethyl + Clodinafop propargyl is recommended for mitigating weed dynamics, while simultaneously boosting wheat productivity, energy efficiency, and economic returns.
Intracavitary brachytherapy plays a major role in management of cervical carcinoma. Assessment of dose received by OAR's therefore becomes crucial for the estimation of radiation toxicities in HDR brachytherapy.Purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of in vivo dosimetry in HDR brachytherapy and to compare actual doses delivered to OAR' s with those calculated during treatment planning.In this retrospective study, 50 patients of cervical carcinoma were treated by Microselectron HDR. Out of 50 patients, 26 were treated with a dose of 7 Gy and 24 with a dose of 9 Gy, prescribed to point A. Brachytherapy planning and evaluation of dose to bladder and rectum was done on TPS & in vivo dosimetry was performed using portable MOSFET.Calibration factors calculated for both dosimeters are almost equal and are 0.984 cGy/mV and 1.0895 cGy/mV. For bladder, dose deviation was found to be within ± 5% in 28 patients, ± 5-10% in 14 patients, ± 10-15% in 4 patients. Deviation between TPS-calculated dose and dose measured by MOSFET for rectum was within ± 5% in 31 patients, ± 5-10% in 8 patients, and ± 10-15% in 7 patients.TPS calculated doses were slightly higher than that measured by MOSFET. The use of small size MOSFET dosimeter is an efficient method for accurately measuring doses in high-dose gradient fields typically seen in brachytherapy. Therefore, to reduce the risk of large errors in dose delivery, in vivo dosimetry can be done in addition to TPS computations.
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