As urban environments become increasingly interconnected, the demand for precise and efficient pedestrian solutions in digitalized smart cities has grown significantly. This study introduces a scalable spatial visualization system designed to enhance interactions between individuals and the street in outdoor sidewalk environments. The system operates in two main phases: the spatial prior phase and the target localization phase. In the spatial prior phase, the system captures the user’s perspective using first-person visual data and leverages landmark elements within the sidewalk environment to localize the user’s camera. In the target localization phase, the system detects surrounding objects, such as pedestrians or cyclists, using high-angle closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras. The system was deployed in a real-world sidewalk environment at an intersection on a university campus. By combining user location data with CCTV observations, a 4D+ virtual monitoring system was developed to present a spatiotemporal visualization of the mobile participants within the user’s surrounding sidewalk space. Experimental results show that the landmark-based localization method achieves a planar positioning error of 0.468 m and a height error of 0.120 m on average. With the assistance of CCTV cameras, the localization of other targets maintains an overall error of 0.24 m. This system establishes the spatial relationship between pedestrians and the street by integrating detailed sidewalk views, with promising applications for pedestrian navigation and the potential to enhance pedestrian-friendly urban ecosystems.
The physicochemical characteristics and general food quality were greatly impacted by milling. In order to investigate the effect of milling technique for physicochemical properties of sesame paste of sesame paste, samples were prepared using ball mill and colloid mill by varying grinding times. The samples prepared by ball milling had the higher moisture contents (0.07% - 0.14%) than colloid milling (p < 0.05), except for colloid milling for one cycle (0.11%). The particle size curves showed the multimodal distributions. Compared to colloid milled samples, ball milled samples have smaller particle sizes and more uniform particle distribution. The L* values of samples prepared by ball milling were higher than colloid milling. The ball mill produced sesame paste with a wider range of hardness and silkier texture, and the samples made by ball milling for 30 min had the highest hardness. And the hardness of both CMS and BMS showed a decreasing trend with increasing grinding time. During ball milling, high-speed cutting and collision caused breakage of disulfide bonds, and the sesame proteins were decomposed to their subunits. In conclusions, ball milling may be an alternative and promising process for the preparation of sesame paste.
To find out the status of folic acid supplementation among women, to evaluate the prevention effects on neural tube defects (NTDs), and to explore the factors impact on folic acid supplementation compliance.
Rural households are the chief part of agricultural investments in China today. Understanding rural households’ investment activities, the obstacles affecting agricultural investments and finding out strategies to stimulate households’investment, all these factors are important to bring rural households’investment potentiality into full play and accelerate agricultural sustainable development in Shanxi.
Objective To investigate the relative risk factors for early abortion among singleton pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 1636 singleton pregnancies, including 196 early abortion cases and 1195pregnancies with live birth after exclusion of those lost cases during follow-up, or complicated with uterine deformity, or oocyte receptor, or late abortion, or incomplete medical record, following in vitro fertilization(IVF)/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment and the risk factors of early abortion were investigated. The early abortion rate was also compared between fresh IVF/ICSI group and frozen embryo transfer (FET) group (n=386). Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that elder women (OR= 1. 143,95%CI: 1. 096-1. 196) and patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (OR = 4. 309,95 % CI : 2. 564-7.243) were risk factors of spontaneous early abortion,and high mean score of transferred embryos (MSTE) (OR = 0. 808, 95% CI: 0. 717-0. 912) and endometrial triple-lined pattern on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (OR=0. 431, 95% CI: 0. 243-0.764)were protective factors. Significant difference were found in the maternal age [(32.22±4. 10) yrs vs (30.28±3. 66) yrs],the duration of infertility [(5. 90±4.26) yrs vs (5.20 ± 3. 32) yrs], basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level [(6. 35 ±2.30) mIU/ml vs (5.95±2.12) mIU/ml], number of transferred embryos (2. 31±0. 51) vs (2. 18±0.49), serum estradiol level on the day of hCG administration [(2467. 1 ± 1588. 8) pg/ml vs (2934. 5 ±1785.2) pg/ml] and MSTE (7.03 ±1.35 vs 7.74 ± 1.25) between the abortion group and livebirth group (all P＜0. 05). The spontaneous abortion rate was higher in the FET group than in the fresh embryo transfer group [17. 36%(67/386) vs 13.02% (213/1636), χ2 =4. 296, P=0. 023].Conclusions Women at elder age, or with long duration of infertility, high basal FSH level,polycystic ovarian syndrome, low MSTE, non-triple-lined pattern of endometrium on the day of hCG administration are at risk of spontaneous early abortion in pregnancies after ART. The rate of spontaneous abortion is higher in FET group than in fresh IVF/ICSI group.
Key words:
Abortion,spontaneous; Reproductive techniques,assisted
Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common and severe congenital defects in humans. Their genetic etiology is complex and remains poorly understood. The Mediator complex (MED) plays a vital role in neural tube development in animal models. However, no studies have yet examined the role of its human homolog in the etiology of NTDs. Methods In this study, 48 pairs of neural lesion site and umbilical cord tissues from NTD and 21 case-parent trios were involved in screening for NTD-related somatic and germline de novo variants. A series of functional cell assays were performed. We generated a Med12 p.Arg1784Cys knock-in mouse using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to validate the human findings. Results One somatic variant, MED12 p.Arg1782Cys, was identified in the lesion site tissue from an NTD fetus. This variant was absent in any other normal tissue from different germ layers of the same case. In 21 case-parent trios, one de novo stop-gain variant, MED13L p.Arg1760 ∗ , was identified. Cellular functional studies showed that MED12 p.Arg1782Cys decreased MED12 protein level and affected the regulation of MED12 on the canonical-WNT signaling pathway. The Med12 p.Arg1784Cys knock-in mouse exhibited exencephaly and spina bifida. Conclusion These findings provide strong evidence that functional variants of MED genes are associated with the etiology of some NTDs. We demonstrated a potentially important role for somatic variants in the occurrence of NTDs. Our study is the first study in which an NTD-related variant identified in humans was validated in mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
Abstract Background: Serum estradiol (E2) level is supraphysiological during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). However, the impacts of high levels of E2 on the development of preimplantation embryos, live birth rates in fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles, and cumulative live birth rates (CLBR) remain debatable. Methods: This retrospective study included 93,959 oocyte retrieval cycles of 73,794 patients performing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) from 2013 to 2018 in five reproductive centers in China. Patients were categorized according to E2 level on trigger day: <1,000, 1,000-2,000, 2,000-3,000, 3,000-4,000, 4,000-5,000 and ≥5,000 pg/ml. Developments of embryos were evaluated by specific stage embryo rates, fertilization rates and cleavage rates. Generalized linear mixed models and multilevel models were adopted. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to adjust for the confounding factors. Results: Compared with the <1,000 pg/ml group, the aMD (95% CI) for the specific stage embryo rates in groups 2-6 were -0.10 (-0.11, -0.10), -0.13 (-0.14, -0.12), -0.14 (-0.15, -0.13), -0.15 (-0.16, -0.15) and -0.14 (-0.15, -0.13), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of live birth of fresh cycles in the stratified higher E2 groups was 1.03 (0.91, 1.16), 1.06 (0.93, 1.21), 1.03 (0.89, 1.19), 1.02 (0.87, 1.20) and 0.88 (0.75, 1.03), while the aOR (95% CI) for live birth in FET cycles was 1.01 (0.90, 1.14), 1.08 (0.95, 1.22), 1.10 (0.96, 1.27), 1.12 (0.97, 1.29), and 1.20 (1.05, 1.37), respectively. When E2 <14,000 pg/ml, E2 was positively correlated with CLBR, otherwise, E2 was irrelevant to CLBR. Conclusion: High levels of E2 is associated with decreased rates of properly developed embryos. When E2 level is above 5,000 pg/ml on trigger day, the E2 level is associated with increased live birth rates in FET cycles. While the live birth rates in fresh cycles is not impacted. CLBR is positively associated with E2 on trigger day when E2 is <14,000 pg/ml.
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