Manal M A Rifaat

Agricultural Research Center

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TOSSON MORSY

Ain Shams University

Fouad M Haridy

Al-Azhar University

Dina M Abdel Hameed

Ain Shams University

Amer H Ahmed

General Organization For Teaching Hospitals and Institutes

Atef M El-Shazly

Mansoura University

Ahmed Elshazly

Mansoura University

Reda M. R. Ramzy

General Organization For Teaching Hospitals and Institutes

T. Jake Liang

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

W A Saleh

Taker Saker

Cooperative Institutions

Ain Shams University

Mansoura University

Cairo University

National Institutes of Health

Agricultural Research Center

Al-Azhar University

General Organization For Teaching Hospitals and Institutes

Al-Azhar University

Beltsville Agricultural Research Center

Agricultural Research Service

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Morphological studies on Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

PubMed (1995)

R G Abou el-Ela T. A. Morsy Manal M A Rifaat M A al Dakhil

In general, leishmaniasis is more or less a problem not only in Saudi Arabia but also in all countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In Saudi Arabia, the most important form is zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCI.). It's main vector, Phlebotomus papatasi has been reported and incriminated by many authors. In this paper, the diagnostic morphology of P. papatasi as compared to other species found in Riyadh as well as the immature stages was given. This is considered as a base line data for studying the ecology and biology of P. papatasi. No doubt the best control strategy is based on complete understanding of the insect vector of ZCL.

Phlebotomus

Mediterranean area

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Citations (5)

Experimental murine toxocariasis larval migration to liver, with a general discussion.

PubMed (2002)

Atef M El-Shazly Fouad M Haridy Ahmed N Haseeb Manal M A Rifaat Salwa F Abou el-Saoud

Street dogs were collected from Mansoura District and sacrificed. Toxocara canis worms were extracted from their intestines and females were dissected to collect the uteri ova. Maturation of the eggs developed larvae inside after a month. Male mice were orally infected with different inocula of these infective eggs (larvae-eggs) and sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 13 & 17 weeks post-infection (P.I.). Gross findings showed hepatomegaly, red spots on the surface, irregularity of the surface, yellowish spots and streaks. Histo-pathological examination revealed mild cellular infiltration in localized foci in group I (mice given 200 infective Toxocara eggs) but extensive in groups II and III (mice given 500 and 1000 infective Toxocara eggs, respectively). Granulomas began to appear mice sacrificed 4 weeks P.I. in the three groups, but it was multiple in group III. Congestion of hepatocytes and sinusoids were detected, fatty degeneration was encountered in group III. Signs of regeneration were reported in group II & III.

Infiltration (HVAC)

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Citations (4)

Cellular immune response in giardiasis.

PubMed (2003)

Ahmed Elshazly Mahmoud El‐Bendary Taker Saker Manal M A Rifaat Wafaa A Saleh

There was statistically significant difference between all groups of giardiasis patients regarding the grade of CD4 lymphocyte infiltration (P<0.001), being more marked in symptomatic group. The prevalence of flatulence, anorexia and vomiting were more frequent in patients with heavy CD4 lymphocyte infiltration in duodenum. A high statistical significant increase was in the mean OD values of anti-Giardia duodenal secretory IgA in patients with marked CD4 infiltration in duodenum. But, a statistical insignificant difference in mean OD values of anti-Giardia total serum Ig in patients with different grades of CD4 infiltration in symptomatic group. There was statistically significant increased in the mean OD values of anti-Giardia total serum Ig in patients with marked intraepithelial CD8 lymphocyte Infiltration in the duodenum In the asymptomatic group, there was statistically insignificant difference in the mean OD values of anti-Giardia total serum Ig in patients with different grade of intra-epithelial CD8 infiltration in symptomatic group. There is statistically significant increased in the mean OD values of anti-Giardia total serum Ig in patients with marked intra-epithelial CD8 lymphocyte infiltration in the duodenum regarding immunohistochemical staining of Giardia antigen in duodenal biopsies. All the 61 symptomatic giardiasis patients revealed Giardia antigen stains in their duodenal biopsies with a sensitivity of 100% while asymptomatic group a sensitivity of 93.181%. None in the controls showed positive Giardia antigen in the duodenal biopsies with 100% specificity.

Giardia

Infiltration (HVAC)

Intraepithelial lymphocyte

Cellular infiltration

Giardia lamblia

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Citations (3)

An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detection of IgG1 antibodies specific to human cystic echinococcosis in Egypt

Tropical Medicine & International Health (1999)

Reda M. R. Ramzy Hanan Helmy Elham A. El Zayyat Manal M A Rifaat Dina M Abdel Hameed

Summary Human cystic hydatidosis (cystic echinococcosis) is a chronic zoonotic disease that results from infection with the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus . In Egypt, cystic echinococcosis (CE) is recognized in slaughtered livestock by veterinarians, however, there is little information about human CE infection rates. We describe an immunological assay useful for the diagnosis of human cystic hydatidosis. Sera were collected from surgically confirmed hydatid cases (34), nonendemic subjects free from parasitic infection (20) and from subjects (109) infected with other helminths ( Hymenolepis nana , Schistosoma mansoni , Fasciola hepatica and Ancylostoma duodenale ). Hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) of camel origin was used as antigen in an ELISA format to measure total E. granulosus specific IgG antibodies and IgG subclasses. Sensitivity measurements of total IgG, and IgG1–4 were 100, 100, 79.4, 61.8 and 55.9%, respectively, whereas respective specificity reached 65.1, 97.7, 98.4, 96.1 and 83.7%. The diagnostic value of measuring IgG1 (97.7%), as assessed by a rating index (J) for combined sensitivity and specificity, was superior to total IgG (65.1%) and IgG2–4 (77.8, 57.9 and 39.6%, respectively). These findings set the stage for field evaluation of the IgG1 assay in areas endemic with human cystic hydatidosis.

Cystic echinococcosis

Echinococcus

Hymenolepis nana

10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00459.x

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Citations (27)

Development of a plant-derived subunit vaccine candidate against hepatitis C virus

Archives of Virology (2000)

Lev G. Nemchinov T. Jake Liang Manal M A Rifaat H. M. Mazyad A. Hadidi

Cholera toxin

Hypervariable region

10.1007/s007050070008

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Citations (114)

Trichinella encysted larvae in slaughtered pigs in Cairo (1995-1999).

PubMed (2000)

TOSSON MORSY B B Ibrahim Fouad M Haridy Manal M A Rifaat

Trichinosis is one of the most serious meat borne parasites. Examination of pigs in the slaughtered houses over the last five years showed an overall rate of 1.691%. The trichinoscope and sometimes the muscle digestion technique were adopted to diagnose infection. Trichinosis as a zoonotic parasitic disease was discussed.

Trichinosis

Trichinella

Parasitic Disease

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Citations (18)

Human giardiasis as an etiology of skin allergy: the role of adhesion molecules and interleukin-6.

PubMed (2004)

Manal S E Mahmoud Amira A Salem Manal M A Rifaat

The role of adhesion molecules; the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) as mediators in development of skin allergy caused by giardiasis and the controlling role of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 over these adhesion molecules were studied. The work included 25 symptomatic giardiasis patients with skin allergy manifested by diffuse urticaria, pruritus, wheal and erythema, and had positive serum anti-Giardia immunoglobulin (Ig) E measured as mean optical density (OD) value by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), employed as an evidence of allergic sensitization (G.I). They were compared with 30 symptomatic giardiasis patients (G.II) and 20 apparently healthy control subjects (G.III), both latter groups had negative serum anti-Giardia IgE. The mean OD value of anti-Giardia IgE was significantly increased in G.I (P < 0.01) & insignificantly different in GIII (P > 0.05) compared with G.III. Serum levels of soluble forms of adhesion molecules; sICAM-1 & sVCAM-1, and IL-6 were determined by ELISA. sICAM-1 & sVCAM-1 serum levels were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in G.I compared with G.III and showed insignificant difference (P > 0.05) between Gs. II & III. Serum IL-6 significantly increased in G.I (P < 0.001) & G.II (P < 0.05) compared with G.III, and was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in G.I than G.II. Serum IL-6 correlated positively with serum sICAM-1 (P < 0.01) and sVCAM-1 (P < 0.001) in G.I. The results are discussed.

Giardia lamblia

Erythema

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Citations (21)

Effects of Solanum nigrum leaves water extract on the penetration and infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae.

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology (2005)

Amer H Ahmed Manal M A Rifaat

A crude water extract of Solanum nigrum leaves was used as a chemical attenuate to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae prior to infection of Swiss female mice. Cercariae were exposed to 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/l concentrations of the extract for 30 min. The effect on the ability of cercariae to penetrate mice skin, as well as, effect on schistosome worm burden after 8 weeks of infection were measured. The observed reduction of cercarial penetration was significant at 7.5 and 10 mg/l concentrations (p < 0.001). The mean number of worm burden declined from 28.5 worms/ mouse in untreated group to 4.4 worms/mouse with 7.5 mg/l treatment (p < 0.01). At a concentration of 10 mg/l, mice had no adult worm. The cercarial infectivity, as measured by the proportion of worms recovered in relation to the number of cercariae administrated, decreased with the increase in the extract concentration and was significant at a concentration of 7.5 mg/l (p < 0.01). The number of schistosome eggs in hepatic tissue decreased in treated mice. The reduction in egg count (per gram liver) was significant at 5 mg/l (p < 0.05) and 7.5 mg/I (p < 0.001). The treatment with Solanum water extract had no effect on female fecundity. These data point to Solanum as a promising agent for the control of schistosomiasis.

Infectivity

Solanum nigrum

Penetration (warfare)

Schistosoma

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Citations (16)

Molluscicidal and cercaricidal efficacy of Acanthus mollis and its binary and tertiary combinations with Solanum nigrum and Iris pseudacorus against Biomphalaria alexandrina.

PubMed (2004)

Amer H Ahmed Manal M A Rifaat

Molluscicidial activity of leaves of Acanthus mollis against Biomphalaria alexandrina were evaluated. Its petroleum ether extract (LC50 values = 6.92 mg/L) was more potent than Solanum nigrum and Iris pseudacorus extracts. A binary combination (1:1) of A. mollis and S. nigrum, as well as, a binary combination (1:1) of A. mollis and I. pseudacorus extracts showed additive effect on snails (24 hr LC50: 5.09 mg/l and 3.76 mg/l respecttively). A tertiary combination (1:1:1) of A. mollis, S. nigrum and I. pseudacorus extracts (24 hr LC50: 4.01 mg/l) showed good result. Also, petroleum ether extract of A. mollis leaves killed Schistosoma mansoni cercariae at concentrations of 20, 10 and 5 mg/l within 30, 45 min. and an hour respectively. Mortality increased with increasing exposure time and concentration.

Solanum nigrum

Petroleum ether

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Citations (16)

Fascioliasis among live and slaugthered animals in nine centers of Dakahlia Governorate.

PubMed (2002)

Atef M El-Shazly S. Abo Elwafa Fouad M Haridy Mohammad I. Soliman Manal M A Rifaat

Fascioliasis is an important zoonotic disease. Infected animals are the main source for human fascioliasis. Consequently, this work clarifies the status of animal fascioliasis in Dakahlia centers based on parasitological examination of cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats. The overall rates of infection were 12.31%, 9.73%, 17.84% and 5.40% respectively. The mean eggs per gram stool were 22, 13.6, 148.3 and 8.6 for cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats. The mean numbers of Fasciola worms/liver/animal were 69.1, 62.7 and 208.1 for cows, buffaloes and sheep respectively. The highly infected sheep was in Manzalla (23.07%), the lowest was in Mataria (6.35%). The highly infected cows was in Manzalla (20.9%), the lowest was in Sherbeen (9.43%). The highly infected buffaloes was in Manzalla (19.29%), the lowest was in Mit Ghamr (4.93%). The relatively highly infected goats was in Manzalla (12.5%) and the lowest was zero in Mit Ghamr. So, sheep are the main reservoir host for environmental pollution and human fascioliasis. On the other hand, the overall partial condemnation of liver was 3.81% (1997), 3.24% (1998), 2.66% (1999) and 2.64% (2000). Regarding the type of animal, it was 6.38% in cows, 1.74% in buffaloes and 1.0% in sheep. It seems that sheep are most susceptible to fascioliasis treatment, followed by buffaloes and lastly cows. The epidemiological role of these farm animals as source for fascioliasis infection to animals and man was discussed.

Fasciola

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Citations (10)